p!ranha?

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>8.3. collections — High-performance container datatypes — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="8. Data Types" href="datatypes.html" /> <link rel="next" title="8.4. heapq — Heap queue algorithm" href="heapq.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="8.2. calendar — General calendar-related functions" href="calendar.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="heapq.html" title="8.4. heapq — Heap queue algorithm" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="calendar.html" title="8.2. calendar — General calendar-related functions" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="datatypes.html" accesskey="U">8. Data Types</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-collections"> <h1>8.3. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-collections" title="collections: High-performance datatypes"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">collections</tt></a> — High-performance container datatypes<a class="headerlink" href="#module-collections" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> New in version 2.4. Source code: <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/collections.py">Lib/collections.py</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/_abcoll.py">Lib/_abcoll.py</a> <hr class="docutils" /> This module implements specialized container datatypes providing alternatives to Python’s general purpose built-in containers, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#list" title="list"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">list</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#set" title="set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">set</tt></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#tuple" title="tuple"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tuple</tt></a>. <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="18%" /> <col width="59%" /> <col width="23%" /> </colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.namedtuple" title="collections.namedtuple"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">namedtuple()</tt></a></td> <td>factory function for creating tuple subclasses with named fields</td> <td> New in version 2.6. </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.deque" title="collections.deque"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">deque</tt></a></td> <td>list-like container with fast appends and pops on either end</td> <td> New in version 2.4. </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a></td> <td>dict subclass for counting hashable objects</td> <td> New in version 2.7. </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a></td> <td>dict subclass that remembers the order entries were added</td> <td> New in version 2.7. </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="collections.defaultdict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">defaultdict</tt></a></td> <td>dict subclass that calls a factory function to supply missing values</td> <td> New in version 2.5. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> In addition to the concrete container classes, the collections module provides <a class="reference internal" href="#collections-abstract-base-classes">abstract base classes</a> that can be used to test whether a class provides a particular interface, for example, whether it is hashable or a mapping. <div class="section" id="counter-objects"> <h2>8.3.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> objects<a class="headerlink" href="#counter-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> A counter tool is provided to support convenient and rapid tallies. For example: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> # Tally occurrences of words in a list >>> cnt = Counter() >>> for word in ['red', 'blue', 'red', 'green', 'blue', 'blue']: ... cnt[word] += 1 >>> cnt Counter({'blue': 3, 'red': 2, 'green': 1}) >>> # Find the ten most common words in Hamlet >>> import re >>> words = re.findall(r'\w+', open('hamlet.txt').read().lower()) >>> Counter(words).most_common(10) [('the', 1143), ('and', 966), ('to', 762), ('of', 669), ('i', 631), ('you', 554), ('a', 546), ('my', 514), ('hamlet', 471), ('in', 451)] </pre></div> </div> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.Counter"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Counter</tt><big>(</big>[iterable-or-mapping]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Counter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>A <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> is a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a> subclass for counting hashable objects. It is an unordered collection where elements are stored as dictionary keys and their counts are stored as dictionary values. Counts are allowed to be any integer value including zero or negative counts. The <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> class is similar to bags or multisets in other languages. Elements are counted from an iterable or initialized from another mapping (or counter): <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> c = Counter() # a new, empty counter >>> c = Counter('gallahad') # a new counter from an iterable >>> c = Counter({'red': 4, 'blue': 2}) # a new counter from a mapping >>> c = Counter(cats=4, dogs=8) # a new counter from keyword args </pre></div> </div> Counter objects have a dictionary interface except that they return a zero count for missing items instead of raising a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError" title="exceptions.KeyError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">KeyError</tt></a>: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> c = Counter(['eggs', 'ham']) >>> c['bacon'] # count of a missing element is zero 0 </pre></div> </div> Setting a count to zero does not remove an element from a counter. Use <tt class="docutils literal">del</tt> to remove it entirely: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> c['sausage'] = 0 # counter entry with a zero count >>> del c['sausage'] # del actually removes the entry </pre></div> </div> New in version 2.7. Counter objects support three methods beyond those available for all dictionaries: <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.Counter.elements"> <tt class="descname">elements</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Counter.elements" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return an iterator over elements repeating each as many times as its count. Elements are returned in arbitrary order. If an element’s count is less than one, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter.elements" title="collections.Counter.elements"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">elements()</tt></a> will ignore it. <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> c = Counter(a=4, b=2, c=0, d=-2) >>> list(c.elements()) ['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b'] </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.Counter.most_common"> <tt class="descname">most_common</tt><big>(</big>[n]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Counter.most_common" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a list of the n most common elements and their counts from the most common to the least. If n is not specified, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter.most_common" title="collections.Counter.most_common"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">most_common()</tt></a> returns all elements in the counter. Elements with equal counts are ordered arbitrarily: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> Counter('abracadabra').most_common(3) [('a', 5), ('r', 2), ('b', 2)] </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.Counter.subtract"> <tt class="descname">subtract</tt><big>(</big>[iterable-or-mapping]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Counter.subtract" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Elements are subtracted from an iterable or from another mapping (or counter). Like <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict.update" title="dict.update"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dict.update()</tt></a> but subtracts counts instead of replacing them. Both inputs and outputs may be zero or negative. <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> c = Counter(a=4, b=2, c=0, d=-2) >>> d = Counter(a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4) >>> c.subtract(d) >>> c Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 0, 'c': -3, 'd': -6}) </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> The usual dictionary methods are available for <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> objects except for two which work differently for counters. <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.Counter.fromkeys"> <tt class="descname">fromkeys</tt><big>(</big>iterable<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Counter.fromkeys" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This class method is not implemented for <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> objects. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.Counter.update"> <tt class="descname">update</tt><big>(</big>[iterable-or-mapping]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Counter.update" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Elements are counted from an iterable or added-in from another mapping (or counter). Like <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict.update" title="dict.update"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dict.update()</tt></a> but adds counts instead of replacing them. Also, the iterable is expected to be a sequence of elements, not a sequence of <tt class="docutils literal">(key, value)</tt> pairs. </dd></dl> </dd></dl> Common patterns for working with <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> objects: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>sum(c.values()) # total of all counts c.clear() # reset all counts list(c) # list unique elements set(c) # convert to a set dict(c) # convert to a regular dictionary c.items() # convert to a list of (elem, cnt) pairs Counter(dict(list_of_pairs)) # convert from a list of (elem, cnt) pairs c.most_common()[:-n:-1] # n least common elements c += Counter() # remove zero and negative counts </pre></div> </div> Several mathematical operations are provided for combining <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> objects to produce multisets (counters that have counts greater than zero). Addition and subtraction combine counters by adding or subtracting the counts of corresponding elements. Intersection and union return the minimum and maximum of corresponding counts. Each operation can accept inputs with signed counts, but the output will exclude results with counts of zero or less. <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> c = Counter(a=3, b=1) >>> d = Counter(a=1, b=2) >>> c + d # add two counters together: c[x] + d[x] Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 3}) >>> c - d # subtract (keeping only positive counts) Counter({'a': 2}) >>> c & d # intersection: min(c[x], d[x]) Counter({'a': 1, 'b': 1}) >>> c | d # union: max(c[x], d[x]) Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 2}) </pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> Note Counters were primarily designed to work with positive integers to represent running counts; however, care was taken to not unnecessarily preclude use cases needing other types or negative values. To help with those use cases, this section documents the minimum range and type restrictions. <ul class="last simple"> <li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> class itself is a dictionary subclass with no restrictions on its keys and values. The values are intended to be numbers representing counts, but you could store anything in the value field.</li> <li>The <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">most_common()</tt> method requires only that the values be orderable.</li> <li>For in-place operations such as <tt class="docutils literal">c[key] += 1</tt>, the value type need only support addition and subtraction. So fractions, floats, and decimals would work and negative values are supported. The same is also true for <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">update()</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">subtract()</tt> which allow negative and zero values for both inputs and outputs.</li> <li>The multiset methods are designed only for use cases with positive values. The inputs may be negative or zero, but only outputs with positive values are created. There are no type restrictions, but the value type needs to support addition, subtraction, and comparison.</li> <li>The <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">elements()</tt> method requires integer counts. It ignores zero and negative counts.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> See also <ul class="last"> <li><a class="reference external" href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576611/">Counter class</a> adapted for Python 2.5 and an early <a class="reference external" href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/259174/">Bag recipe</a> for Python 2.4. </li> <li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual-base/html_node/Bag.html">Bag class</a> in Smalltalk. </li> <li>Wikipedia entry for <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset">Multisets</a>. </li> <li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.demo2s.com/Tutorial/Cpp/0380__set-multiset/Catalog0380__set-multiset.htm">C++ multisets</a> tutorial with examples. </li> <li>For mathematical operations on multisets and their use cases, see Knuth, Donald. The Art of Computer Programming Volume II, Section 4.6.3, Exercise 19. </li> <li>To enumerate all distinct multisets of a given size over a given set of elements, see <a class="reference internal" href="itertools.html#itertools.combinations_with_replacement" title="itertools.combinations_with_replacement"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">itertools.combinations_with_replacement()</tt></a>. <blockquote> <div>map(Counter, combinations_with_replacement(‘ABC’, 2)) –> AA AB AC BB BC CC </div></blockquote> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="deque-objects"> <h2>8.3.2. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.deque" title="collections.deque"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">deque</tt></a> objects<a class="headerlink" href="#deque-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.deque"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">deque</tt><big>(</big>[iterable[, maxlen]]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Returns a new deque object initialized left-to-right (using <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.deque.append" title="collections.deque.append"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">append()</tt></a>) with data from iterable. If iterable is not specified, the new deque is empty. Deques are a generalization of stacks and queues (the name is pronounced “deck” and is short for “double-ended queue”). Deques support thread-safe, memory efficient appends and pops from either side of the deque with approximately the same O(1) performance in either direction. Though <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#list" title="list"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">list</tt></a> objects support similar operations, they are optimized for fast fixed-length operations and incur O(n) memory movement costs for <tt class="docutils literal">pop(0)</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">insert(0, v)</tt> operations which change both the size and position of the underlying data representation. New in version 2.4. If maxlen is not specified or is None, deques may grow to an arbitrary length. Otherwise, the deque is bounded to the specified maximum length. Once a bounded length deque is full, when new items are added, a corresponding number of items are discarded from the opposite end. Bounded length deques provide functionality similar to the <tt class="docutils literal">tail</tt> filter in Unix. They are also useful for tracking transactions and other pools of data where only the most recent activity is of interest. Changed in version 2.6: Added maxlen parameter. Deque objects support the following methods: <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.append"> <tt class="descname">append</tt><big>(</big>x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.append" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Add x to the right side of the deque. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.appendleft"> <tt class="descname">appendleft</tt><big>(</big>x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.appendleft" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Add x to the left side of the deque. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.clear"> <tt class="descname">clear</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.clear" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Remove all elements from the deque leaving it with length 0. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.count"> <tt class="descname">count</tt><big>(</big>x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.count" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Count the number of deque elements equal to x. New in version 2.7. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.extend"> <tt class="descname">extend</tt><big>(</big>iterable<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.extend" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Extend the right side of the deque by appending elements from the iterable argument. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.extendleft"> <tt class="descname">extendleft</tt><big>(</big>iterable<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.extendleft" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Extend the left side of the deque by appending elements from iterable. Note, the series of left appends results in reversing the order of elements in the iterable argument. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.pop"> <tt class="descname">pop</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.pop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Remove and return an element from the right side of the deque. If no elements are present, raises an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.IndexError" title="exceptions.IndexError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">IndexError</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.popleft"> <tt class="descname">popleft</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.popleft" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Remove and return an element from the left side of the deque. If no elements are present, raises an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.IndexError" title="exceptions.IndexError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">IndexError</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.remove"> <tt class="descname">remove</tt><big>(</big>value<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.remove" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Removed the first occurrence of value. If not found, raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a>. New in version 2.5. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.reverse"> <tt class="descname">reverse</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.reverse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Reverse the elements of the deque in-place and then return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. New in version 2.7. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.deque.rotate"> <tt class="descname">rotate</tt><big>(</big>n<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.rotate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Rotate the deque n steps to the right. If n is negative, rotate to the left. Rotating one step to the right is equivalent to: <tt class="docutils literal">d.appendleft(d.pop())</tt>. </dd></dl> Deque objects also provide one read-only attribute: <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="collections.deque.maxlen"> <tt class="descname">maxlen</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.deque.maxlen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Maximum size of a deque or None if unbounded. New in version 2.7. </dd></dl> </dd></dl> In addition to the above, deques support iteration, pickling, <tt class="docutils literal">len(d)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">reversed(d)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">copy.copy(d)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">copy.deepcopy(d)</tt>, membership testing with the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#in"><tt class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal">in</tt></a> operator, and subscript references such as <tt class="docutils literal">d[-1]</tt>. Indexed access is O(1) at both ends but slows to O(n) in the middle. For fast random access, use lists instead. Example: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> from collections import deque >>> d = deque('ghi') # make a new deque with three items >>> for elem in d: # iterate over the deque's elements ... print elem.upper() G H I >>> d.append('j') # add a new entry to the right side >>> d.appendleft('f') # add a new entry to the left side >>> d # show the representation of the deque deque(['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j']) >>> d.pop() # return and remove the rightmost item 'j' >>> d.popleft() # return and remove the leftmost item 'f' >>> list(d) # list the contents of the deque ['g', 'h', 'i'] >>> d[0] # peek at leftmost item 'g' >>> d[-1] # peek at rightmost item 'i' >>> list(reversed(d)) # list the contents of a deque in reverse ['i', 'h', 'g'] >>> 'h' in d # search the deque True >>> d.extend('jkl') # add multiple elements at once >>> d deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l']) >>> d.rotate(1) # right rotation >>> d deque(['l', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k']) >>> d.rotate(-1) # left rotation >>> d deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l']) >>> deque(reversed(d)) # make a new deque in reverse order deque(['l', 'k', 'j', 'i', 'h', 'g']) >>> d.clear() # empty the deque >>> d.pop() # cannot pop from an empty deque Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in -toplevel- d.pop() IndexError: pop from an empty deque >>> d.extendleft('abc') # extendleft() reverses the input order >>> d deque(['c', 'b', 'a']) </pre></div> </div> <div class="section" id="deque-recipes"> <h3>8.3.2.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.deque" title="collections.deque"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">deque</tt></a> Recipes<a class="headerlink" href="#deque-recipes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> This section shows various approaches to working with deques. Bounded length deques provide functionality similar to the <tt class="docutils literal">tail</tt> filter in Unix: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>def tail(filename, n=10): 'Return the last n lines of a file' return deque(open(filename), n) </pre></div> </div> Another approach to using deques is to maintain a sequence of recently added elements by appending to the right and popping to the left: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>def moving_average(iterable, n=3): # moving_average([40, 30, 50, 46, 39, 44]) --> 40.0 42.0 45.0 43.0 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average it = iter(iterable) d = deque(itertools.islice(it, n-1)) d.appendleft(0) s = sum(d) for elem in it: s += elem - d.popleft() d.append(elem) yield s / float(n) </pre></div> </div> The <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">rotate()</tt> method provides a way to implement <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.deque" title="collections.deque"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">deque</tt></a> slicing and deletion. For example, a pure Python implementation of <tt class="docutils literal">del d[n]</tt> relies on the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">rotate()</tt> method to position elements to be popped: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>def delete_nth(d, n): d.rotate(-n) d.popleft() d.rotate(n) </pre></div> </div> To implement <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.deque" title="collections.deque"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">deque</tt></a> slicing, use a similar approach applying <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">rotate()</tt> to bring a target element to the left side of the deque. Remove old entries with <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">popleft()</tt>, add new entries with <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">extend()</tt>, and then reverse the rotation. With minor variations on that approach, it is easy to implement Forth style stack manipulations such as <tt class="docutils literal">dup</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">drop</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">swap</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">over</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">pick</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">rot</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">roll</tt>. </div> </div> <div class="section" id="defaultdict-objects"> <h2>8.3.3. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="collections.defaultdict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">defaultdict</tt></a> objects<a class="headerlink" href="#defaultdict-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.defaultdict"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">defaultdict</tt><big>(</big>[default_factory[, ...]]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Returns a new dictionary-like object. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="collections.defaultdict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">defaultdict</tt></a> is a subclass of the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a> class. It overrides one method and adds one writable instance variable. The remaining functionality is the same as for the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a> class and is not documented here. The first argument provides the initial value for the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict.default_factory" title="collections.defaultdict.default_factory"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt></a> attribute; it defaults to <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. All remaining arguments are treated the same as if they were passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a> constructor, including keyword arguments. New in version 2.5. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="collections.defaultdict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">defaultdict</tt></a> objects support the following method in addition to the standard <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a> operations: <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.defaultdict.__missing__"> <tt class="descname">__missing__</tt><big>(</big>key<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.defaultdict.__missing__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict.default_factory" title="collections.defaultdict.default_factory"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt></a> attribute is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, this raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError" title="exceptions.KeyError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">KeyError</tt></a> exception with the key as argument. If <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict.default_factory" title="collections.defaultdict.default_factory"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt></a> is not <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, it is called without arguments to provide a default value for the given key, this value is inserted in the dictionary for the key, and returned. If calling <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict.default_factory" title="collections.defaultdict.default_factory"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt></a> raises an exception this exception is propagated unchanged. This method is called by the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__getitem__()</tt></a> method of the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a> class when the requested key is not found; whatever it returns or raises is then returned or raised by <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__getitem__()</tt></a>. Note that <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict.__missing__" title="collections.defaultdict.__missing__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__missing__()</tt></a> is not called for any operations besides <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__getitem__()</tt></a>. This means that <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">get()</tt> will, like normal dictionaries, return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> as a default rather than using <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict.default_factory" title="collections.defaultdict.default_factory"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="collections.defaultdict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">defaultdict</tt></a> objects support the following instance variable: <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="collections.defaultdict.default_factory"> <tt class="descname">default_factory</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.defaultdict.default_factory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This attribute is used by the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict.__missing__" title="collections.defaultdict.__missing__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__missing__()</tt></a> method; it is initialized from the first argument to the constructor, if present, or to <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, if absent. </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="defaultdict-examples"> <h3>8.3.3.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="collections.defaultdict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">defaultdict</tt></a> Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#defaultdict-examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> Using <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#list" title="list"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">list</tt></a> as the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt>, it is easy to group a sequence of key-value pairs into a dictionary of lists: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> s = [('yellow', 1), ('blue', 2), ('yellow', 3), ('blue', 4), ('red', 1)] >>> d = defaultdict(list) >>> for k, v in s: ... d[k].append(v) ... >>> d.items() [('blue', [2, 4]), ('red', [1]), ('yellow', [1, 3])] </pre></div> </div> When each key is encountered for the first time, it is not already in the mapping; so an entry is automatically created using the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt> function which returns an empty <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#list" title="list"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">list</tt></a>. The <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">list.append()</tt> operation then attaches the value to the new list. When keys are encountered again, the look-up proceeds normally (returning the list for that key) and the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">list.append()</tt> operation adds another value to the list. This technique is simpler and faster than an equivalent technique using <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict.setdefault" title="dict.setdefault"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dict.setdefault()</tt></a>: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> d = {} >>> for k, v in s: ... d.setdefault(k, []).append(v) ... >>> d.items() [('blue', [2, 4]), ('red', [1]), ('yellow', [1, 3])] </pre></div> </div> Setting the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt> to <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">int</tt></a> makes the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="collections.defaultdict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">defaultdict</tt></a> useful for counting (like a bag or multiset in other languages): <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> s = 'mississippi' >>> d = defaultdict(int) >>> for k in s: ... d[k] += 1 ... >>> d.items() [('i', 4), ('p', 2), ('s', 4), ('m', 1)] </pre></div> </div> When a letter is first encountered, it is missing from the mapping, so the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt> function calls <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">int()</tt></a> to supply a default count of zero. The increment operation then builds up the count for each letter. The function <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">int()</tt></a> which always returns zero is just a special case of constant functions. A faster and more flexible way to create constant functions is to use <a class="reference internal" href="itertools.html#itertools.repeat" title="itertools.repeat"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">itertools.repeat()</tt></a> which can supply any constant value (not just zero): <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> def constant_factory(value): ... return itertools.repeat(value).next >>> d = defaultdict(constant_factory('<missing>')) >>> d.update(name='John', action='ran') >>> '%(name)s %(action)s to %(object)s' % d 'John ran to <missing>' </pre></div> </div> Setting the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">default_factory</tt> to <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#set" title="set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">set</tt></a> makes the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.defaultdict" title="collections.defaultdict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">defaultdict</tt></a> useful for building a dictionary of sets: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> s = [('red', 1), ('blue', 2), ('red', 3), ('blue', 4), ('red', 1), ('blue', 4)] >>> d = defaultdict(set) >>> for k, v in s: ... d[k].add(v) ... >>> d.items() [('blue', set([2, 4])), ('red', set([1, 3]))] </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="namedtuple-factory-function-for-tuples-with-named-fields"> <h2>8.3.4. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.namedtuple" title="collections.namedtuple"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">namedtuple()</tt></a> Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields<a class="headerlink" href="#namedtuple-factory-function-for-tuples-with-named-fields" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> Named tuples assign meaning to each position in a tuple and allow for more readable, self-documenting code. They can be used wherever regular tuples are used, and they add the ability to access fields by name instead of position index. <dl class="function"> <dt id="collections.namedtuple"> <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">namedtuple</tt><big>(</big>typename, field_names[, verbose=False][, rename=False]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.namedtuple" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Returns a new tuple subclass named typename. The new subclass is used to create tuple-like objects that have fields accessible by attribute lookup as well as being indexable and iterable. Instances of the subclass also have a helpful docstring (with typename and field_names) and a helpful <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__repr__" title="object.__repr__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__repr__()</tt></a> method which lists the tuple contents in a <tt class="docutils literal">name=value</tt> format. The field_names are a sequence of strings such as <tt class="docutils literal">['x', 'y']</tt>. Alternatively, field_names can be a single string with each fieldname separated by whitespace and/or commas, for example <tt class="docutils literal">'x y'</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">'x, y'</tt>. Any valid Python identifier may be used for a fieldname except for names starting with an underscore. Valid identifiers consist of letters, digits, and underscores but do not start with a digit or underscore and cannot be a <a class="reference internal" href="keyword.html#module-keyword" title="keyword: Test whether a string is a keyword in Python."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">keyword</tt></a> such as class, for, return, global, pass, print, or raise. If rename is true, invalid fieldnames are automatically replaced with positional names. For example, <tt class="docutils literal">['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'abc']</tt> is converted to <tt class="docutils literal">['abc', '_1', 'ghi', '_3']</tt>, eliminating the keyword <tt class="docutils literal">def</tt> and the duplicate fieldname <tt class="docutils literal">abc</tt>. If verbose is true, the class definition is printed just before being built. Named tuple instances do not have per-instance dictionaries, so they are lightweight and require no more memory than regular tuples. New in version 2.6. Changed in version 2.7: added support for rename. </dd></dl> Example: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'], verbose=True) class Point(tuple): 'Point(x, y)' __slots__ = () _fields = ('x', 'y') def __new__(_cls, x, y): 'Create a new instance of Point(x, y)' return _tuple.__new__(_cls, (x, y)) @classmethod def _make(cls, iterable, new=tuple.__new__, len=len): 'Make a new Point object from a sequence or iterable' result = new(cls, iterable) if len(result) != 2: raise TypeError('Expected 2 arguments, got %d' % len(result)) return result def __repr__(self): 'Return a nicely formatted representation string' return 'Point(x=%r, y=%r)' % self def _asdict(self): 'Return a new OrderedDict which maps field names to their values' return OrderedDict(zip(self._fields, self)) def _replace(_self, **kwds): 'Return a new Point object replacing specified fields with new values' result = _self._make(map(kwds.pop, ('x', 'y'), _self)) if kwds: raise ValueError('Got unexpected field names: %r' % kwds.keys()) return result def __getnewargs__(self): 'Return self as a plain tuple. Used by copy and pickle.' return tuple(self) x = _property(_itemgetter(0), doc='Alias for field number 0') y = _property(_itemgetter(1), doc='Alias for field number 1') >>> p = Point(11, y=22) # instantiate with positional or keyword arguments >>> p[0] + p[1] # indexable like the plain tuple (11, 22) 33 >>> x, y = p # unpack like a regular tuple >>> x, y (11, 22) >>> p.x + p.y # fields also accessible by name 33 >>> p # readable __repr__ with a name=value style Point(x=11, y=22) </pre></div> </div> Named tuples are especially useful for assigning field names to result tuples returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="csv.html#module-csv" title="csv: Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">csv</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3" title="sqlite3: A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">sqlite3</tt></a> modules: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>EmployeeRecord = namedtuple('EmployeeRecord', 'name, age, title, department, paygrade') import csv for emp in map(EmployeeRecord._make, csv.reader(open("employees.csv", "rb"))): print emp.name, emp.title import sqlite3 conn = sqlite3.connect('/companydata') cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute('SELECT name, age, title, department, paygrade FROM employees') for emp in map(EmployeeRecord._make, cursor.fetchall()): print emp.name, emp.title </pre></div> </div> In addition to the methods inherited from tuples, named tuples support three additional methods and one attribute. To prevent conflicts with field names, the method and attribute names start with an underscore. <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="collections.somenamedtuple._make"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">somenamedtuple.</tt><tt class="descname">_make</tt><big>(</big>iterable<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.somenamedtuple._make" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Class method that makes a new instance from an existing sequence or iterable. <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> t = [11, 22] >>> Point._make(t) Point(x=11, y=22) </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.somenamedtuple._asdict"> <tt class="descclassname">somenamedtuple.</tt><tt class="descname">_asdict</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.somenamedtuple._asdict" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a> which maps field names to their corresponding values: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> p._asdict() OrderedDict([('x', 11), ('y', 22)]) </pre></div> </div> Changed in version 2.7: Returns an <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a> instead of a regular <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.somenamedtuple._replace"> <tt class="descclassname">somenamedtuple.</tt><tt class="descname">_replace</tt><big>(</big>kwargs<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.somenamedtuple._replace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a new instance of the named tuple replacing specified fields with new values: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> p = Point(x=11, y=22) >>> p._replace(x=33) Point(x=33, y=22) >>> for partnum, record in inventory.items(): inventory[partnum] = record._replace(price=newprices[partnum], timestamp=time.now()) </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="collections.somenamedtuple._fields"> <tt class="descclassname">somenamedtuple.</tt><tt class="descname">_fields</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.somenamedtuple._fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Tuple of strings listing the field names. Useful for introspection and for creating new named tuple types from existing named tuples. <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> p._fields # view the field names ('x', 'y') >>> Color = namedtuple('Color', 'red green blue') >>> Pixel = namedtuple('Pixel', Point._fields + Color._fields) >>> Pixel(11, 22, 128, 255, 0) Pixel(x=11, y=22, red=128, green=255, blue=0) </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> To retrieve a field whose name is stored in a string, use the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#getattr" title="getattr"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">getattr()</tt></a> function: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> getattr(p, 'x') 11 </pre></div> </div> To convert a dictionary to a named tuple, use the double-star-operator (as described in <a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/controlflow.html#tut-unpacking-arguments">Unpacking Argument Lists</a>): <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> d = {'x': 11, 'y': 22} >>> Point(**d) Point(x=11, y=22) </pre></div> </div> Since a named tuple is a regular Python class, it is easy to add or change functionality with a subclass. Here is how to add a calculated field and a fixed-width print format: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> class Point(namedtuple('Point', 'x y')): __slots__ = () @property def hypot(self): return (self.x ** 2 + self.y ** 2) ** 0.5 def __str__(self): return 'Point: x=%6.3f y=%6.3f hypot=%6.3f' % (self.x, self.y, self.hypot) </pre></div> </div> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> for p in Point(3, 4), Point(14, 5/7.): print p Point: x= 3.000 y= 4.000 hypot= 5.000 Point: x=14.000 y= 0.714 hypot=14.018 </pre></div> </div> The subclass shown above sets <tt class="docutils literal">__slots__</tt> to an empty tuple. This helps keep memory requirements low by preventing the creation of instance dictionaries. Subclassing is not useful for adding new, stored fields. Instead, simply create a new named tuple type from the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">_fields</tt> attribute: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> Point3D = namedtuple('Point3D', Point._fields + ('z',)) </pre></div> </div> Default values can be implemented by using <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">_replace()</tt> to customize a prototype instance: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> Account = namedtuple('Account', 'owner balance transaction_count') >>> default_account = Account('<owner name>', 0.0, 0) >>> johns_account = default_account._replace(owner='John') </pre></div> </div> Enumerated constants can be implemented with named tuples, but it is simpler and more efficient to use a simple class declaration: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> Status = namedtuple('Status', 'open pending closed')._make(range(3)) >>> Status.open, Status.pending, Status.closed (0, 1, 2) >>> class Status: open, pending, closed = range(3) </pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> See also <a class="reference external" href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/500261/">Named tuple recipe</a> adapted for Python 2.4. </div> </div> <div class="section" id="ordereddict-objects"> <h2>8.3.5. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a> objects<a class="headerlink" href="#ordereddict-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> Ordered dictionaries are just like regular dictionaries but they remember the order that items were inserted. When iterating over an ordered dictionary, the items are returned in the order their keys were first added. <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.OrderedDict"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">OrderedDict</tt><big>(</big>[items]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return an instance of a dict subclass, supporting the usual <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">dict</tt></a> methods. An OrderedDict is a dict that remembers the order that keys were first inserted. If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the original insertion position is left unchanged. Deleting an entry and reinserting it will move it to the end. New in version 2.7. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="collections.OrderedDict.popitem"> <tt class="descclassname">OrderedDict.</tt><tt class="descname">popitem</tt><big>(</big>last=True<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.OrderedDict.popitem" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict.popitem" title="collections.OrderedDict.popitem"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">popitem()</tt></a> method for ordered dictionaries returns and removes a (key, value) pair. The pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false. </dd></dl> In addition to the usual mapping methods, ordered dictionaries also support reverse iteration using <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#reversed" title="reversed"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">reversed()</tt></a>. Equality tests between <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a> objects are order-sensitive and are implemented as <tt class="docutils literal">list(od1.items())==list(od2.items())</tt>. Equality tests between <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a> objects and other <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Mapping" title="collections.Mapping"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Mapping</tt></a> objects are order-insensitive like regular dictionaries. This allows <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a> objects to be substituted anywhere a regular dictionary is used. The <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a> constructor and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">update()</tt> method both accept keyword arguments, but their order is lost because Python’s function call semantics pass-in keyword arguments using a regular unordered dictionary. <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> See also <a class="reference external" href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693/">Equivalent OrderedDict recipe</a> that runs on Python 2.4 or later. </div> <div class="section" id="ordereddict-examples-and-recipes"> <h3>8.3.5.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.OrderedDict" title="collections.OrderedDict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt></a> Examples and Recipes<a class="headerlink" href="#ordereddict-examples-and-recipes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> Since an ordered dictionary remembers its insertion order, it can be used in conjuction with sorting to make a sorted dictionary: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> # regular unsorted dictionary >>> d = {'banana': 3, 'apple':4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2} >>> # dictionary sorted by key >>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[0])) OrderedDict([('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('orange', 2), ('pear', 1)]) >>> # dictionary sorted by value >>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: t[1])) OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3), ('apple', 4)]) >>> # dictionary sorted by length of the key string >>> OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda t: len(t[0]))) OrderedDict([('pear', 1), ('apple', 4), ('orange', 2), ('banana', 3)]) </pre></div> </div> The new sorted dictionaries maintain their sort order when entries are deleted. But when new keys are added, the keys are appended to the end and the sort is not maintained. It is also straight-forward to create an ordered dictionary variant that remembers the order the keys were last inserted. If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the original insertion position is changed and moved to the end: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>class LastUpdatedOrderedDict(OrderedDict): 'Store items in the order the keys were last added' def __setitem__(self, key, value): if key in self: del self[key] OrderedDict.__setitem__(self, key, value) </pre></div> </div> An ordered dictionary can be combined with the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Counter" title="collections.Counter"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Counter</tt></a> class so that the counter remembers the order elements are first encountered: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>class OrderedCounter(Counter, OrderedDict): 'Counter that remembers the order elements are first encountered' def __repr__(self): return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, OrderedDict(self)) def __reduce__(self): return self.__class__, (OrderedDict(self),) </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="collections-abstract-base-classes"> <h2>8.3.6. Collections Abstract Base Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#collections-abstract-base-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> The collections module offers the following <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-abstract-base-class">ABCs</a>: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="21%" /> <col width="18%" /> <col width="18%" /> <col width="43%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">ABC</th> <th class="head">Inherits from</th> <th class="head">Abstract Methods</th> <th class="head">Mixin Methods</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Container" title="collections.Container"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Container</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__contains__</tt></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Hashable" title="collections.Hashable"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Hashable</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__hash__</tt></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Iterable" title="collections.Iterable"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Iterable</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Iterator" title="collections.Iterator"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Iterator</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Iterable" title="collections.Iterable"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Iterable</tt></a></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">next</tt></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Sized" title="collections.Sized"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Sized</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__len__</tt></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Callable" title="collections.Callable"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Callable</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__call__</tt></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Sequence" title="collections.Sequence"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Sequence</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Sized" title="collections.Sized"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Sized</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Iterable" title="collections.Iterable"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Iterable</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Container" title="collections.Container"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Container</tt></a></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__getitem__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__len__</tt></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__contains__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__reversed__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">index</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">count</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MutableSequence" title="collections.MutableSequence"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MutableSequence</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Sequence" title="collections.Sequence"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Sequence</tt></a></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__getitem__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__setitem__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__delitem__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__len__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">insert</tt></td> <td>Inherited <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Sequence" title="collections.Sequence"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Sequence</tt></a> methods and <tt class="docutils literal">append</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">reverse</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">extend</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">pop</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">remove</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">__iadd__</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Sized" title="collections.Sized"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Sized</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Iterable" title="collections.Iterable"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Iterable</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Container" title="collections.Container"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Container</tt></a></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__contains__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__len__</tt></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__le__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__lt__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__eq__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__ne__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__gt__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__ge__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__and__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__or__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__sub__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__xor__</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">isdisjoint</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MutableSet" title="collections.MutableSet"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MutableSet</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__contains__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__len__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">add</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">discard</tt></td> <td>Inherited <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a> methods and <tt class="docutils literal">clear</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">pop</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">remove</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__ior__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iand__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__ixor__</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">__isub__</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Mapping" title="collections.Mapping"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Mapping</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Sized" title="collections.Sized"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Sized</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Iterable" title="collections.Iterable"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Iterable</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Container" title="collections.Container"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Container</tt></a></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__getitem__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__len__</tt></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__contains__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">keys</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">items</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">values</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">get</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__eq__</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">__ne__</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MutableMapping" title="collections.MutableMapping"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MutableMapping</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Mapping" title="collections.Mapping"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Mapping</tt></a></td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__getitem__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__setitem__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__delitem__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__len__</tt></td> <td>Inherited <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Mapping" title="collections.Mapping"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Mapping</tt></a> methods and <tt class="docutils literal">pop</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">popitem</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">clear</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">update</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">setdefault</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MappingView" title="collections.MappingView"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MappingView</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Sized" title="collections.Sized"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Sized</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__len__</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.ItemsView" title="collections.ItemsView"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">ItemsView</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MappingView" title="collections.MappingView"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MappingView</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__contains__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.KeysView" title="collections.KeysView"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">KeysView</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MappingView" title="collections.MappingView"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MappingView</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__contains__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.ValuesView" title="collections.ValuesView"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">ValuesView</tt></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MappingView" title="collections.MappingView"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MappingView</tt></a></td> <td> </td> <td><tt class="docutils literal">__contains__</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">__iter__</tt></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.Container"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Container</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Container" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.Hashable"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Hashable</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Hashable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.Sized"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Sized</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Sized" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.Callable"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Callable</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Callable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>ABCs for classes that provide respectively the methods <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__contains__" title="object.__contains__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__contains__()</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__hash__" title="object.__hash__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__hash__()</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__len__" title="object.__len__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__len__()</tt></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__call__" title="object.__call__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__call__()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.Iterable"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Iterable</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Iterable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>ABC for classes that provide the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iter__" title="object.__iter__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__iter__()</tt></a> method. See also the definition of <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterable">iterable</a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.Iterator"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Iterator</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Iterator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>ABC for classes that provide the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iter__" title="object.__iter__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__iter__()</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#next" title="next"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">next()</tt></a> methods. See also the definition of <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterator">iterator</a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.Sequence"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Sequence</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Sequence" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.MutableSequence"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">MutableSequence</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.MutableSequence" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>ABCs for read-only and mutable <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-sequence">sequences</a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.Set"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Set</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.MutableSet"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">MutableSet</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.MutableSet" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>ABCs for read-only and mutable sets. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.Mapping"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">Mapping</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.Mapping" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.MutableMapping"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">MutableMapping</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.MutableMapping" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>ABCs for read-only and mutable <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-mapping">mappings</a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.MappingView"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">MappingView</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.MappingView" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.ItemsView"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">ItemsView</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.ItemsView" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.KeysView"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">KeysView</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.KeysView" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.ValuesView"> class <tt class="descclassname">collections.</tt><tt class="descname">ValuesView</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.ValuesView" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>ABCs for mapping, items, keys, and values <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-view">views</a>. </dd></dl> These ABCs allow us to ask classes or instances if they provide particular functionality, for example: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>size = None if isinstance(myvar, collections.Sized): size = len(myvar) </pre></div> </div> Several of the ABCs are also useful as mixins that make it easier to develop classes supporting container APIs. For example, to write a class supporting the full <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a> API, it only necessary to supply the three underlying abstract methods: <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__contains__" title="object.__contains__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__contains__()</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iter__" title="object.__iter__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__iter__()</tt></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__len__" title="object.__len__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__len__()</tt></a>. The ABC supplies the remaining methods such as <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__and__" title="object.__and__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__and__()</tt></a> and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">isdisjoint()</tt> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>class ListBasedSet(collections.Set): ''' Alternate set implementation favoring space over speed and not requiring the set elements to be hashable. ''' def __init__(self, iterable): self.elements = lst = [] for value in iterable: if value not in lst: lst.append(value) def __iter__(self): return iter(self.elements) def __contains__(self, value): return value in self.elements def __len__(self): return len(self.elements) s1 = ListBasedSet('abcdef') s2 = ListBasedSet('defghi') overlap = s1 & s2 # The __and__() method is supported automatically </pre></div> </div> Notes on using <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MutableSet" title="collections.MutableSet"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MutableSet</tt></a> as a mixin: <ol class="arabic simple"> <li>Since some set operations create new sets, the default mixin methods need a way to create new instances from an iterable. The class constructor is assumed to have a signature in the form <tt class="docutils literal">ClassName(iterable)</tt>. That assumption is factored-out to an internal classmethod called <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">_from_iterable()</tt> which calls <tt class="docutils literal">cls(iterable)</tt> to produce a new set. If the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a> mixin is being used in a class with a different constructor signature, you will need to override <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">_from_iterable()</tt> with a classmethod that can construct new instances from an iterable argument.</li> <li>To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the semantics are fixed), redefine <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__le__" title="object.__le__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__le__()</tt></a> and then the other operations will automatically follow suit.</li> <li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Set</tt></a> mixin provides a <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">_hash()</tt> method to compute a hash value for the set; however, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__hash__" title="object.__hash__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__hash__()</tt></a> is not defined because not all sets are hashable or immutable. To add set hashabilty using mixins, inherit from both <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Set" title="collections.Set"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">Set()</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.Hashable" title="collections.Hashable"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">Hashable()</tt></a>, then define <tt class="docutils literal">__hash__ = Set._hash</tt>.</li> </ol> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> See also <ul class="last simple"> <li><a class="reference external" href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576694/">OrderedSet recipe</a> for an example built on <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.MutableSet" title="collections.MutableSet"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">MutableSet</tt></a>.</li> <li>For more about ABCs, see the <a class="reference internal" href="abc.html#module-abc" title="abc: Abstract base classes according to PEP 3119."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">abc</tt></a> module and <a class="pep reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3119">PEP 3119</a>.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">8.3. <tt class="docutils literal">collections</tt> — High-performance container datatypes</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#counter-objects">8.3.1. <tt class="docutils literal">Counter</tt> objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#deque-objects">8.3.2. <tt class="docutils literal">deque</tt> objects</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#deque-recipes">8.3.2.1. <tt class="docutils literal">deque</tt> Recipes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#defaultdict-objects">8.3.3. <tt class="docutils literal">defaultdict</tt> objects</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#defaultdict-examples">8.3.3.1. <tt class="docutils literal">defaultdict</tt> Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#namedtuple-factory-function-for-tuples-with-named-fields">8.3.4. <tt class="docutils literal">namedtuple()</tt> Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#ordereddict-objects">8.3.5. <tt class="docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt> objects</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#ordereddict-examples-and-recipes">8.3.5.1. <tt class="docutils literal">OrderedDict</tt> Examples and Recipes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#collections-abstract-base-classes">8.3.6. Collections Abstract Base Classes</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <a href="calendar.html" title="previous chapter">8.2. <tt class="docutils literal">calendar</tt> — General calendar-related functions</a> <h4>Next topic</h4> <a href="heapq.html" title="next chapter">8.4. <tt class="docutils literal">heapq</tt> — Heap queue algorithm</a> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/collections.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="heapq.html" title="8.4. heapq — Heap queue algorithm" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="calendar.html" title="8.2. calendar — General calendar-related functions" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="datatypes.html" >8. Data Types</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2019, Python Software Foundation. The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="http://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> Last updated on Jul 03, 2019. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.1.3. </div> </body> </html>

N4m3	5!z3	L45t M0d!f!3d	0wn3r / Gr0up	P3Rm!55!0n5	0pt!0n5
..	--	October 23 2020 09:20:37	root / root	0755

2to3.html	49.274 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:49	root / root	0644
__builtin__.html	10.261 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:49	root / root	0644
__future__.html	13.794 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:49	root / root	0644
__main__.html	7.055 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:49	root / root	0644
_winreg.html	59.208 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:49	root / root	0644
abc.html	23.898 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
aepack.html	13.16 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
aetools.html	14.914 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
aetypes.html	18.882 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
aifc.html	22.404 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
al.html	17.341 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
allos.html	33.725 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
anydbm.html	16.33 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
archiving.html	9.263 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
argparse.html	237.615 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
array.html	29.295 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:50	root / root	0644
ast.html	34.98 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
asynchat.html	31.434 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
asyncore.html	36.513 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
atexit.html	16.803 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
audioop.html	31.356 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
autogil.html	8.186 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
base64.html	19.669 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
basehttpserver.html	34.039 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bastion.html	11.04 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bdb.html	36.682 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
binascii.html	20.665 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
binhex.html	10.577 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bisect.html	23.236 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bsddb.html	26.433 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bz2.html	26.082 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
calendar.html	37.788 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
carbon.html	48.944 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
cd.html	27.96 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cgi.html	49.924 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cgihttpserver.html	13.099 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cgitb.html	11.411 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
chunk.html	14.664 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cmath.html	25.632 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cmd.html	26.095 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
code.html	24.577 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
codecs.html	100.638 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
codeop.html	14.841 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
collections.html	133.964 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
colorpicker.html	7.523 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
colorsys.html	11.037 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
commands.html	14.361 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
compileall.html	16.827 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
compiler.html	67.75 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
configparser.html	62.131 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
constants.html	12.834 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
contextlib.html	19.388 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
cookie.html	39.068 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
cookielib.html	83.822 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
copy.html	12.189 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
copy_reg.html	13.765 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
crypt.html	10.041 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
crypto.html	7.591 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
csv.html	67.371 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:54	root / root	0644
ctypes.html	238.781 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:54	root / root	0644
curses.ascii.html	22.288 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
curses.html	146.633 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
curses.panel.html	14.388 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
custominterp.html	7.624 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
datatypes.html	16.845 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
datetime.html	226.595 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
dbhash.html	15.482 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
dbm.html	12.068 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
debug.html	10.151 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
decimal.html	194.439 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
development.html	14.168 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
difflib.html	84.829 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
dircache.html	11.407 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
dis.html	69.951 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
distutils.html	8.055 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
dl.html	16.327 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
doctest.html	165.542 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
docxmlrpcserver.html	16.432 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
dumbdbm.html	14.021 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
dummy_thread.html	9.432 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
dummy_threading.html	8.368 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
easydialogs.html	30.546 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email-examples.html	45.654 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.charset.html	26.804 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.encoders.html	11.856 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.errors.html	15.767 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.generator.html	20.771 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.header.html	26.922 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.html	44.235 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.iterators.html	11.521 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.message.html	63.156 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.mime.html	27.928 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.parser.html	30.452 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
email.util.html	24.461 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
errno.html	37.994 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
exceptions.html	56.126 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fcntl.html	22.673 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
filecmp.html	22.299 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fileformats.html	9.136 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fileinput.html	24.278 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
filesys.html	10.203 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fl.html	49.923 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fm.html	11.905 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fnmatch.html	14.577 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
formatter.html	34.061 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fpectl.html	16.008 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fpformat.html	10.587 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fractions.html	22.608 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
framework.html	33.345 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
frameworks.html	7.143 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
ftplib.html	43.989 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
functions.html	183.145 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
functools.html	27.169 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
future_builtins.html	13.04 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
gc.html	25.75 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
gdbm.html	15.965 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
gensuitemodule.html	11.513 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
getopt.html	23.662 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
getpass.html	10.652 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
gettext.html	78.757 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
gl.html	22.094 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
glob.html	13.26 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
grp.html	10.494 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
gzip.html	18.985 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
hashlib.html	18.198 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
heapq.html	31.61 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
hmac.html	10.464 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
hotshot.html	18.649 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
htmllib.html	25.315 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
htmlparser.html	39.114 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
httplib.html	62.95 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
i18n.html	9.523 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
ic.html	17.169 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
idle.html	20.896 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
imageop.html	14.765 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
imaplib.html	51.986 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
imgfile.html	11.712 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
imghdr.html	11.297 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
imp.html	34.344 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
importlib.html	8.258 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
imputil.html	31.808 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
index.html	72.778 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
inspect.html	50.705 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
internet.html	24.872 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
intro.html	8.935 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
io.html	98.13 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
ipc.html	13.405 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
itertools.html	115.905 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
jpeg.html	12.743 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
json.html	67.037 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
keyword.html	7.677 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
language.html	11.027 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
linecache.html	10.591 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
locale.html	55.137 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
logging.config.html	63.355 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
logging.handlers.html	69.645 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
logging.html	95.645 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
mac.html	21.787 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
macos.html	14.758 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
macosa.html	12.959 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
macostools.html	15.516 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
macpath.html	7.764 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
mailbox.html	156.753 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
mailcap.html	13.215 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
markup.html	18.772 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
marshal.html	17.977 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
math.html	39.242 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
md5.html	13.968 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mhlib.html	21.537 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mimetools.html	19.251 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mimetypes.html	28.39 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mimewriter.html	15.016 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mimify.html	13.361 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
miniaeframe.html	12.199 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
misc.html	6.868 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mm.html	9.032 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mmap.html	28.364 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
modulefinder.html	15.313 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
modules.html	8.456 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
msilib.html	52.431 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
msvcrt.html	19.372 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
multifile.html	24.297 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
multiprocessing.html	365.706 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
mutex.html	11.231 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
netdata.html	16.983 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
netrc.html	12.305 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
new.html	12.122 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
nis.html	10.636 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
nntplib.html	41.919 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
numbers.html	37.748 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
numeric.html	13.553 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
operator.html	82 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:06	root / root	0644
optparse.html	222.556 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:06	root / root	0644
os.html	214.245 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
os.path.html	38.341 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
ossaudiodev.html	41.503 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
othergui.html	9.084 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
parser.html	39.363 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
pdb.html	33.961 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
persistence.html	14.865 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
pickle.html	102.271 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
pickletools.html	10.631 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
pipes.html	18.01 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pkgutil.html	25.107 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
platform.html	28.367 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
plistlib.html	17.028 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
popen2.html	25.431 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
poplib.html	22.321 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
posix.html	14.413 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
posixfile.html	19.763 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pprint.html	29.922 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
profile.html	63.556 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pty.html	9.478 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pwd.html	11.428 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
py_compile.html	11.116 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pyclbr.html	14.707 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pydoc.html	11.484 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pyexpat.html	71.528 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
python.html	12.274 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
queue.html	24.22 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
quopri.html	11.896 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
random.html	37.835 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
re.html	134.742 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
readline.html	28.24 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
repr.html	20.427 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
resource.html	26.483 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
restricted.html	11.647 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
rexec.html	37.41 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
rfc822.html	42.22 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
rlcompleter.html	13.506 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
robotparser.html	12.268 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
runpy.html	19.339 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sched.html	18.543 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
scrolledtext.html	9.315 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
select.html	39.672 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sets.html	36.918 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sgi.html	9.712 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sgmllib.html	30.771 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sha.html	12.088 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
shelve.html	27.021 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
shlex.html	32.102 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
shutil.html	40.218 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
signal.html	31.136 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
simplehttpserver.html	18.41 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
simplexmlrpcserver.html	31.388 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
site.html	23.637 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
smtpd.html	12.465 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
smtplib.html	42.127 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
sndhdr.html	10.018 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
socket.html	106.338 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
socketserver.html	59.829 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
someos.html	15.106 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
spwd.html	10.328 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
sqlite3.html	139.502 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
ssl.html	65.622 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
stat.html	32.31 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:12	root / root	0644
statvfs.html	10.604 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:12	root / root	0644
stdtypes.html	260.401 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:12	root / root	0644
string.html	106.649 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
stringio.html	18.813 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
stringprep.html	16.13 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
strings.html	14.927 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
struct.html	40.878 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
subprocess.html	84.912 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sun.html	6.843 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sunau.html	27.104 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sunaudio.html	17.795 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
symbol.html	7.66 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
symtable.html	22.937 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sys.html	98.698 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sysconfig.html	23.844 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
syslog.html	17.919 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
tabnanny.html	10.631 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
tarfile.html	78.683 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
telnetlib.html	25.479 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
tempfile.html	29.416 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
termios.html	16.011 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
test.html	52.621 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
textwrap.html	27.253 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
thread.html	20.468 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
threading.html	76.69 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
time.html	56.927 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
timeit.html	36.267 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
tix.html	46.959 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
tk.html	23.644 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
tkinter.html	67.666 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
token.html	19.617 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
tokenize.html	18.445 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
trace.html	25.535 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
traceback.html	33.438 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
ttk.html	101.749 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
tty.html	9.058 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
turtle.html	211.742 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
types.html	27.591 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
undoc.html	23.156 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
unicodedata.html	18.546 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
unittest.html	202.848 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
unix.html	10.551 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
urllib.html	58.682 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
urllib2.html	100.578 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
urlparse.html	40.414 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
user.html	11.826 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
userdict.html	29.729 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
uu.html	11.026 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
uuid.html	28.191 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
warnings.html	46.599 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
wave.html	22.216 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
weakref.html	36.521 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
webbrowser.html	23.065 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
whichdb.html	8.853 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
windows.html	9.335 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
winsound.html	18.747 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
wsgiref.html	81.043 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
xdrlib.html	29.94 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
xml.dom.html	89.044 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
xml.dom.minidom.html	40.42 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
xml.dom.pulldom.html	12.705 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
xml.etree.elementtree.html	93.219 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
xml.html	16.493 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:18	root / root	0644
xml.sax.handler.html	38.632 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
xml.sax.html	20.221 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
xml.sax.reader.html	39.086 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
xml.sax.utils.html	14.257 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
xmlrpclib.html	60.79 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
zipfile.html	53.136 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
zipimport.html	20.425 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:19	root / root	0644
zlib.html	25.461 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:20	root / root	0644

$.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342ÿÛ C 2!!22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222ÿÀ }|" ÿÄ ÿÄ µ } !1AQa "q2‘¡#B±ÁRÑð$3br‚ %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyzƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š’“”•–—˜™š¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª²³´µ¶·¸¹ºÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚáâãäåæçèéêñòóôõö÷øùúÿÄ ÿÄ µ w !1AQ aq"2B‘¡±Á #3RðbrÑ $4á%ñ&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š’“”•–—˜™š¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª²³´µ¶·¸¹ºÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚâãäåæçèéêòóôõö÷øùúÿÚ ? ÷HR÷j¹ûA <Ìƒ.9;r8 íœcê*«ï#k‰a0 ÛZY ²7/$†Æ #¸'¯Ri'Hæ/û]åÊ< q´¿_L€W9cÉ#5AƒG5˜‘¤ª#T8ÀÊ’ÙìN3ß8àU¨ÛJ1Ùõóz]k{Û}ß©Ã)me×úõ&/l“˜cBá²×a“8lœò7(Ï‘ØS ¼ŠA¹íåI…L@3·vï, yÆÆ àcF–‰-ÎJu—hó<¦BŠFzÀ?tãúguR‹u#‡{~?Ú•£=n¾qo~öôüô¸¾³$õüÑ»jò]Mä¦ >ÎÈ[¢à–?) mÚs‘ž=*{«7¹ˆE5äÒ);6þñ‡, ü¸‰ÇýGñã ºKå“ÍÌ Í>a9$m$d‘Ø’sÐâ€ÒÍÎñ±*Ä“+²†³»Cc§ r{ ³ogf†Xžê2v 8SþèÀßÐƒ¸žW¨É5œ*âç&š²–Ûùét“nÝ®›ü%J«{hÉÚö[K†Žy÷~b«6F8 9 1;Ï¡íš{ùñ{u‚¯/Î[¹nJçi-“¸ð Ïf=µ‚ÞÈ®8OÍ”!c H%N@<ŽqÈlu"š…xHm®ä<*ó7•…Á Á#‡|‘Ó¦õq“êífÛüŸ•oNÚ{ËFý;– ŠÙ–!½Òq–‹væRqŒ®?„ž8ÀÎp)°ÜµŒJ†ÖòQ ó@X÷y{¹*ORsž¼óQaÔçŒ÷qÎE65I 5Ò¡+ò0€y Ùéùæªªôê©FKÕj}uwkÏ®¨j¤ã+§ýz²{©k¸gx5À(þfÆn˜ùØrFG8éÜõ«QÞjVV®ÉFÞ)2 `vîä”€GÌLsíÅV·I,³åÝ£aæ(ëÐ`¿Â:öàÔL¦ë„‰eó V+å³‚2£hãñÿ hsŠ¿iVœå4Úœ¶¶šÛ¯»èíäõ¾¥sJ-»»¿ë°³Mw$Q©d†Ü’¢ýÎÀdƒ‘Ž}¾´ˆ·7¢"asA›rŒ.v@ ÞÇj”Y´%Š–·–5\Ü²õåË2Hã×°*¾d_(˜»#'<ŒîØ1œuþ!ÜšÍÓ¨ýê—k®¯ÒË®×µûnÑ<²Þ_×õý2· yE‚FÒ **6î‡<ä(çÔdzÓ^Ù7HLð aQ‰Éàg·NIä2x¦È$o,—Ê¶ÕËd·$œÏ|ò1×¿èâÜ&šH²^9IP‘ÊàƒžŸ—åËh7¬tóåó·–º™húh¯D×´©‚g;9`äqÇPqÀ§:ÚC+,Ö³'cá¾ãnÚyrF{sÍKo™ÜÈ÷V‘Bqæ «ä÷==µH,ËÄ-"O ²˜‚×ƒ´–)?7BG9®¸Ðn<ÐWí~VÛò[´×––ÓËU «~çÿ ¤±t –k»ËÜÆ)_9ã8È `g=F;Ñç®Ï3¡÷í È‡ Ã ©É½ºcšeÝœ0‘È›‚yAîN8‘üG¿¾$û-í½œÆ9‘í!ˆ9F9çxëøž*o_žIÆÖZò¥ÓºVùöõ¿w¦Ýˆæ•´ÓYÄ®³ËV£êƒæõç?áNòîn.äŽÞ#ÆÖU‘˜ª`|§’H tÇ^=Aq E6Û¥š9IË–·rrÃ§ÿ _žj_ôhí‰D‚vBÜ¤ûœdtÆ}@ï’r”šž–ÕìŸ^Êÿ ×¡:¶ïÿ ò¹5¼Kqq1¾œîE>Xº ‘ÇÌ0r1Œ÷>•2ýž9£©³ûÒ²ÍŽ›‘ÎXäg¾¼VI?¹*‡äÈ-“‚N=3ÐsÏ¿¾*{™ªù›·4ahKG9êG{©üM]+]¼«Ë¸ Š—mcÏ±‚y=yç¶:)T…JÉ>d»$Ýôùnµz2”¢åÍ ¬ ¼ÑËsnŠÜ«ˆS¨;yÛÊŽ½=px¥ŠÒæM°=ÕÌi*±€ Þ² 1‘Ž=qŸj†ãQ¾yæ»ŠA–,2œcR;ãwáÅfÊÈìT©#æä`žø jšøŒ59¾H·¯VÕÕûëçÚÝyµA9Ó‹Ñ?Çúþºš—QÇ ÔvòßNqù«¼!ç‚¹äç¿C»=:Öš#m#bYã†ð¦/(œúŒtè Qž CÍÂÉ¶ž ÇVB ž2ONOZrA óAÇf^3–÷ÉéÁëÇç\ó«·äƒütéß_-Ï¦nJ[/Ì|2Ï#[Ù–!’,Oä‘Ç|sVâ±Ô/|´–Iœ˜î$àc®Fwt+Ûø¿zÏTšyLPZ>#a· ^r7d\u ©¢•âÈ3 83…ˆDTœ’@rOéÐW†ÁP”S”Ü£ó[‰ÚßŽÚ;éÕNŒW“kîüÊ ¨"VHlí×>ZÜ nwÝÏ ›¶ìqÎ×·Õel¿,³4Æ4`;/I'pxaœÔñ¼";vixUu˜’¸YÆ1×#®:Ž T–ñÒ[{Kwi mð·šÙ99Î cÏ#23É«Ÿ-Þ3ii¶©»ÒW·•×~Ôí£Óúô- »yY Ýå™’8¤|c-ó‚<–þ S#3Ì‰q¡mÜI"«€d cqf üç× #5PÜý®XüØWtîßy¹?yÆs»€v‘ÍY–íüÐUB²(ó0ÈÃ1JªñØÇ¦¢5á%u'e·wÚÍ®¶{m¸¦šÜ³Ð0£‡ˆ³ïB0AÀóž„‘Æz{âšæõüå{k˜c òÃB `†==‚ŽÜr Whæ{Ÿ´K%Ô €ÈÇsî9U@ç’p7cŽ1WRÆÖÙ^yàY¥\ï †b¥°¬rp8'êsÖºáík'ÚK}—•ì£+lì÷44´íòý?«Ö÷0¤I"Ú³.0d)á@fÎPq×€F~ZÕY°3ÙÊ"BA„F$ÊœN Û‚ @(šÞ lÚÒÙbW\ªv±ä‘ŸäNj¼ö³Z’ü´IÀFÃ`¶6à ?! NxÇÒ©Ò†Oª²½’·ŸM¶{êºjÚqŒ©®èþ ‰ ’&yL%?yÕÃ”®$•Ï\p4—:…À—u½ä‘°Ýæ$aCß”$ñŸoÄÙ>TÓù¦ƒÂKÆÅÉ@¹'yè{žÝ4ÍKûcíCì vŽ…y?]Ol©Ê|Íê¾Þ_;üÿ Ï¡Rçånÿ rÔ’[m²»˜¡Ž4ùDŽ›Ë) $’XxËëšY8¹i•†Á!‘þpJ•V^0 Œ±õèi²Å²en%·„†8eeù²Yˆ,S†=?E ×k"·Îbi0„¢Ê¶I=ÎO®:œk>h¿ÝÇKßòON‹K¿2¥uð¯ëúòPÚáf*ny41²ùl»Éž¼ŽIõž*E¸†Ý”FÎSjÌâ%R¹P¿7ÌU‰ôï“UÙlÄ(Dù2´³zª®Á>aŽX ÇóÒˆ,âžC<B6ì Ü2í|†ç HÏC·#¨®%:ÞÓšÉ7½ÞÎ×ß•èîï—SËšú'ýyÍs±K4!Ì„0óŒ{£Øs÷‚çzŒð¹ã5æHC+Û=¼Í}ygn0c|œðOAô9îkÔ®£ŽÕf™¦»R#copÛICžÃ©þ :ñ^eñ©ðe·”’´ø‘¦f å— # <ò3ïÖ»ðŸ×©Æ¤•Ó½»ï®ß‹·ôµ4ù'ý_ðLO‚òF‹®0 &Ü§˜œ0Œ0#o8ç#ô¯R6Û“yŽ73G¹^2½öò~o»Ÿ›##ÞSðr=ÑkÒ41º €–rØ ÷„ëƒëÎ zõo7"Ýà_=Š©‰Éldà`†qt÷+‹?æxù©%m,ö{.¶jú;%÷hÌ*ß›Uý}Äq¬fp’}¿Í¹ ü¼î Ïñg$ý*{XLI›•fBÀ\BUzr€Œr#Ð€í¥ÛÍ+²(P”x›$ÅèçœŒž tëÐÕkÖ9‘ab‡Ïò³œã#G'’¼o«U¢ùœ×Gvº4µ¾vÕí}½œ¢ïb{{)¥P’ÊÒº#«Bç˜€8Êä6GË”dTmV³$g¸i&'r:ƒ¬1œàòœãƒÒ • rñ¤P©ÑØô*IÆ[ ÝÏN¸Î9_³[™#Kr.Fí¤í*IÁ?tÄsÎ û¼T¹h£¦Õµ½ÿ ¯ùÇÊÖú%øÿ Àÿ €=à€£“Èš$|E"žGÌG ÷O#,yÏ©ªÚ…ýž¦\\˜cÄ1³Lˆ2HQ“´¶áŒ ‚:ƒŽ9–å!Š–Í‚É¾F''‘÷yÇNüûãëpÆ|=~¢D•äµ•vn2„sÓžGLë IUP´Uíw®Ú-/mm£²×Ì–ìíeý]? øÑüa¨ÞZÏeki,q‰c10PTpAÜÀg%zSß°2Ä¤¡U]®ØŠÜçžI;€èpx?_øZÊ|^agDóí¹ )ÊžßJö‰¡E]È##ço™NO÷¸ÈÇÌ0¹9>™¯Sˆ°pÃc°ŠI¤÷õ¿å}Ë¯ JñGžÿ ÂÀ+ãdÒc³Qj'ÅØîs&vç6îíŽë»iÞbü” ‚Â%\r9àg·ùÍxuÁüMg~ŸÚÁÎÜ²çŽ0?*÷WšÝ^O*#†€1èwsÎsùRÏpTp±¢è¾U(«u}íùŠ´R³²ef À9³bíÝ¿Ùéì ùïíÌóÅ1ý–F‘œ‘åà’9Àç9ëÒ‹)ˆ”©±eÎ c×sù×Î{'ÎâÚõéßuOÁœÜºØ‰fe“e6ñžyäöÀoÆ§²‹„•%fˆ80(öåO½Oj…„E€T…%rKz°Î?.;{šXÙ‡ŸeUÚd!üx9þtã%wO_øoòcM- j–ÒHX_iK#*) ž@Ž{ôÇ½Bd¹‰RÝn–ê0«7Ë†ìyÀ÷Í@¬Ì¢³³’ 9é÷½?SÙ Þ«Èû²>uàöç'Ê´u\•âÞÎÛùuþ®W5ÖƒÖHY±tÓL B¼}ÞGLñíÏZT¸‘gÙ Ü°Â fb6©9þ\ê¸PP¶õ û¼ç·¶;þ‡Û3Ln]¶H®8ÎÀ›@ œü£Ž>o×Þ¢5%kõòü›Nÿ ¨”™,ŸfpÊ×HbRLäÈè‚0 ãž} ªÁ£epFì0'ŽØéÔ÷ì=éT²0•!…Îzt9ç¾?”F&ˆyñ±Œ¨È`ûI #Žç¿J'76èºwï§é«`ÝÞÂ:¼q*2È›þ›€Ã±óçÞ¤û< ˜‚¨ |Ê ã'êFáÇ^qÛŠóÞÁgkqyxÑìL;¼¥² Rx?‡¯Y7PŽwnù¶†û¾ÜÂ·.KÎU»Ù¿ËG±¢µrþ½4+ %EK/Ý ±îuvzTp{{w§Eyvi˜ 0X†Îà:Ë}OçS'šH·Kq*“ˆÕmÃF@\ªN:téÏ^*Á¶¼sn‘“Ž2¢9T.½„\ýò@>˜7NFïNRÓ·wèôßEÕua'¬[þ¾cö¡ÌOæ¦âÅŠ². Ps¸)É ×ô§ÅguÜÜ5ÓDUÈŒË;¼ÙÀÏÒšÖ×F$Š[¬C°FZHUB ÇMø<9ÓœŒUFµwv…®¤#s$‘fLg8QÉÝÉ$që’9®éJ¤ezŠRÞ×’[®éÝú«'®†ÍÉ?zï¶¥³u3(’MSsŽ0Û@9$Ð…-‘ß¦O"§gŠ+¢n'k/ ‡“$±-µ°1–éÜôä)®ae ·2ÆŠ¾gÛ°Z¹#€r ¶9Ç|Õ¨âºŽÖIÑÖÜÇ»1Bc.çqÁR àûu®Š^Õ½Smkß}uzëmSòiõÒ<Ï×õ—£Îî6{ˆmŽåVUòãv3ü¤œqÐŒç“œô¶Ô¶¢‹{• b„ˆg©ù@ÇRTóÅqinÓ·ò×l‡1`¯+òŸ¶ÐqžÀ:fÿ Âi£häÙjz…¬wˆÄË™RI'9n½øãœv®¸ÓmªUÛ•ôI-_kK{ièßvim£Qµý|ÎoÇßìü-~Ú}´j:ÃÍŠ|¸˜¨ó× qŒŒžy®w@øßq%å½¶³imoj0¿h·F;8À,›¹¸üyu¿üO'|;´ðÄÚ¦Œ%:t„Fáß~÷O¿júß©a)ZV”ºÝïëëýjkÞHöfÔ&–î#ö«aðå'Œ’¥\™Il`õ¸9©dûLì ‹t‘ƒ¸ó"Ä€‘Ê7ÈÛŽ:vÜ ¯/ø1â`!»Ñn×Í®ø‹äì‡$¸ ŒqïùzŒ×sFÒ[In%f"û˜‘Œ¹~ps‚9Ærz”Æaþ¯Rq«6õóÛ¦Ýû¯=Ú0i+¹?ÌH¢VŒý®òheIÖr›7îf 8<ó×+žÕç[ÂÖ€]ÇpßoV%v© €pzþgµ6÷3í‹Ì’{²„äˆƒŒ‚Ìr8Æ1“Áë^{ñqæo Ø‹–¸2ý|ÇÜ¬¬Žr=;zþ¬ò¼CúÝ*|+[zÛ£³µ×ß÷‘š¨Ûúü®Sø&ì¬…˜Có[¶âÈ¼3ûÜ÷<ŒñØæ½WÈŸÌX#“3 "²ºÆ7Œ‘Üc¼‡àìFy5xKJŒ"îç.r@ï×Þ½Ä-ÿ þ“}ª}’*Þ!,Fm¸Î@†9b?1W{Yæ3„`Ú¼VõŠÚÛ_kùöG.mhÎñ ôíhí§Ô$.ƒz*(iFá’I^™$ðMUÓ|áíjéb[ËÆºo•ñDdŽà¸'“ŽA Ö¼ƒGÑµ/krG É–i\ôÉêNHÀÈV—Š>êÞ´ŠúR³ÙÈùÑõLôÜ9Æ{jô?°°Kýš¥WíZ¿V—m6·E}{X~Æ? zžÓæ8Ë¢“«¼ 39ì~¼ûÒÍ}žu-ëÇ•cÉåmÀÀÉ9Àsþ ”økâŸí]:[[ÍÍyhª¬w•BN vÏ$ôé‘Íy‹ü@þ"×ç¹ ¨v[Æ¼* ã zœdžµâàxv½LT¨T•¹7jÿ +t×ð·CP—5›=Î ¨/"i¬g¶‘#7kiÃç±'x9#Ž}êano!òKD‘ílï”('¿SÔð?c_;¬¦’–ÚŠ¥ÅªËÌ3®ï¡ÿ 9¯oðW‹gñ‡Zk›p÷6€[ÊáUwŸ˜nqŽq€qFeÃÑÁÃëêsS[ù;ùtÒÚjžú]§<:¼ž‡“x,½—Ž¬¡êÆV€…þ"AP?ãÛ&£vÂÅ»I’FÙ8ÛžÀ”œ¾ÜRÜÌ¬ŠÛÓ‘–Ä*›qôúŸÃAÀëßí-L¶š-™ƒµ¦i”øÿ g«|è*pxF:nžîË¯Þ¼¿þBŒÛQþ¿C»Š5“*]Qÿ „±À>Ý:ôä*D(cXÚ(†FL¡‰`çØÏ;þ5âR|Gñ#3î`„0+µmÑ€ún Þ£ÿ …‰â¬¦0 –¶ˆœ€¹…{tø?Ê¯(_çþ_Š5XY[¡Ù|Q¿ú µŠ2ï¸›sO* Ð‘ÿ ×â°<+à›MkÂ÷š…Ä³ ·Ü–ˆ«ò‚?ˆœúäc½øåunû]¹Iïåè› ç ¯[ð&©¥Ýxn;6>}²’'`IË0ÁèN}zö5éâ©âr\¢0¥ñs^Ml¿«%®ýM$¥F•–ç‘Øj÷Ze¦£k 2¥ô"FqÀ`„~5Ùü+Ò¤—QºÕ†GÙ—Ë‹ çqä°=¶ÏûÔÍcá¶¡/ˆ¤[ý†iK ™°"ó•Æp;`t¯MÑt}+@²¶Óí·Ídy’3mÕË‘’zc€0 íyÎq„ž ¬4×5[_]Rë{]ì¬UZ±p÷^åØÞÈ[©&OúÝÛ‚‚s÷zžIïßó btÎÎª\ya¾U;C¤t*IÎFF3Š¸™c 1žYD…U° êÄàõë\oŒ¼a ‡c[[GŽãP‘7 â znÈ>Ãü3ñ˜,=lUENŒäô¾ÚÀÓ[_ð9 œ´JçMy©E¢Àí}x,bpAó¦üdcûŒW9?Å[Há$¿¹pÄ™#^9O88©zO=«Ë!µÖüY¨³ªÍy9ûÒ1Â úôÚ»M?àô÷«ÞëÖ–ÙMÌ#C&ßnJ“Üp#Ð‚~²†G–àíekÏµío»_žŸuÎ¨Q„t“ÔÛ²øáû›´W6»Øoy FQÎr $Óõìk¬„‹ïÞÚ¼sÆíòÉ67\míÎyF¯ð¯TÓã’K;ë[ð·ld«7üyíšÉð¯Šµ êáeYžÏq[«&vMÀðßFà}p3ÅgW‡°8ØßVín›þšõ³¹/ ü,÷ií|’‘´R,®ŠÉ‡W“Ž1ØöëÓ¾xžÖÞ¹xÞÝ¬XZGù\’vŒž˜ÆsØúÓïí&ÒÒ{]Qž9£Ê¡ù·ÄÀ»¶áHäž™5—ìö« -&ù¤U<±ÉÆA>½ý+æg jžöë¥¢þNÛ=÷JÖÛfdÔ õýËúû‹ÓØB²¬fInZ8wÌÉÐ®~aƒÎ=3ìx‚+/¶äÁlŠ‚?™Æü#8-œ\pqTZXtè%»»&ÚÝ#´ŠðÜžã§Í’¼{p·ß{m>ÞycP¨’¼¢0ú(Rƒë^Ž ñó¼(»y%m´ÕÙ}ÊûékB1¨þÑ®,#Q)ó‡o1T©ÜÃ*Ž‹‚yö<b‰4×H€“ìÐ. ¤²9ÌŠ>„Žãøgšñ ¯Š~)¸ßå\ÛÛoBŒa·L²œg$‚Iã¯ZÈ—Æ~%”äë—È8â)Œcƒ‘Âàu9¯b%)ÞS²¿Ïïÿ 4Öºù}Z/[H%¤vÉ#Ì’x§†b © ³´tÜ{gn=iï%õªÇç]Ü§—!åw„SÓp ·VÈÏ¡?5Âcâb¥_Ä¤Šz¬—nàþÖÎŸñKÄöJé=ÌWèêT‹¸÷qÎáƒŸ•q’zWUN«N/ØO^Ÿe|í¾©k{üõ4öV^ïù~G¹êzÂèº|·÷×[’Þ31†rpjg·n Æ0Ý}kåË‹‰nîe¹ËÍ+™ÏVbrOç]'‰¼o®xÎh`¹Ç*±ÙÚ!T$d/$žN>¼Wqá¯…Z9ÑÒO\ÜÛê1o&,-z ~^NCgNÕéá)ÒÊ©7‰¨¯'Õþ¯þ_¿Ehîþóâ €ï¬uÛûý*ÎK9ä.â-öv<²‘×h$àãúW%ö¯~«g-ÕõÀàG~>Zú¾Iš+(šM³ Û#9äl%ðc¬ ûÝ xÖKG´x®|¸¤Ï™O:Ê8Ã’qÉcÔä‚yÇNJyËŒTj¥&µOmztjÿ ?KëaµÔù¯áýóXøãLeb¾tžAÇû`¨êGBAõ¾•:g˜’ù·,þhÀ`¬qÜ` e·~+å[±ý“âYÄjWì—µHé±ø?Nõô>½âX<5 Ç©ÏÑ¼M¶8cÜªXŽÉ^r?¼IróÈS•ZmÇ›™5»òÚÚ7ïu«&|·÷•Î† >[©ÞXHeS$Œyà€ ÷ù²:ò2|óãDf? Z¼PD¶ÓßC(xÆ0|©ßR;ôMsÿ µ´ÔVi¬,Í¹›Ìxâi˜`¹,GAéÇlV§ÄýF×Yø§ê–‘:Ã=ò2³9n±ÉžØÏ@yÎWžæ±Ãàe„ÄÒN ]ïòêìú_Go'¦ŽÑ’_×õÐ¯ðR66þ!›ÑÄ gFMÙ— äžäqôÈ;ÿ eX<#%»Aö‰ãR¤ Í”Ž¹È G&¹Ÿƒ&á?¶Zˆ±keRè Kãnz·ãŠÕøÄÒÂ9j%@®×q±ÜŒý[õ-É$uíè&¤¶9zÇï·Oøï®ÄJKšÖìdü"µˆ[j×²Îc;ã…B(g<9nàÈ¯G½µŸPÓ.´Éfâ¼FŽP 31 ‘ÏR}<3šä~ Ã2xVöî Dr Ç\›}Ý#S÷ÈÀëŽHÆI®à\OçKuäI¹†ó(”—GWî ñ³¹¸æ2¨›‹ºÚû%¾ýÖ_3ºNú¯ëúì|ÕÅÖ‰}ylM’ZËîTÿ á[ðÐñ/ˆ9Àû ¸ón3 MÃ²d‘÷ döª^.ÊñŽ°›BâîNp>cëÏçÍzïÃôÏ YÍ%ª¬·ãÏ-*9ÜÂãhéŒc¾dÈêú¼Ë,. VŠ÷çeÿ n/¡¼äãõâ=‹xGQKx”|¹bÌŠD@2Œ 8'Ž àúƒŽ+áDÒ&¡¨"Œ§–Žr22 Ç·s]ŸÄ‹«ð%ÚÄ<¹ä’(×{e›HÀqÁç©Ç½`üŽÚõKé¥š9ƒÄ±€<–úƒú~ çðñO#Í%iKKlµ¦¾F)'Iê¬Î+Ç(`ñ¾£œdÈ’`™ºcßéé^ÿ i¸”Û\ý¡æhÔB«aq¸}ãÀÆ:ÜWƒ|FÛÿ î©±BŒÇÀeaŸ-sÊ€:úW½ÜÝÜ<%$µ†%CóDªÀí%IÈÏÊ¤…ôäñÞŒ÷‘a0“ôŽÚë¤nŸoW÷0«e¶y'Å»aÎ—2r’# Û°A^ý9ÉQÔõ=ù5¬£Öü.(Þ’M$~V«=éSÄFN½®©ÔWô»ÿ þHžkR‹ìÏ+µµžöê;khÚI¤m¨‹Ôš–âÖçJ¾_Z•’6a”Èô> ÕÉaÕ<%®£2n bQŠå\tÈõUÿ ø»þ‹k15‚ÃuCL$Ý¹p P1=Oøýs¯^u éEJ”–éêŸê½5ýzy›jÛ³á›Ûkÿ ÚOcn±ÛÏîW;boºz{ãžüVÆ¡a£a5½äÎÂks¸J@?1è¿{$ä‘=k”øsÖ^nŒ¦)ÝåXÃíùN1ØõÚOJë–xF÷h¸ Œ"Ž?xäœšü³ì¨c*Fœ¯i;7~ñí×«Ðó¥Ë»3Ãü púw ‰°<Á%»ñž ÿ P+Û^ ¾Ye£ŽCÄŒ„/>˜>•á¶Ìm~&&À>M[hÈÈÿ [Ž•íd…RO@3^Ç(Ê½*¶ÖQZyßþ 1Vº}Ñç?¼O4Rh6R€ª£í¡ûÙ a‚3ß·Õ ü=mRÍ/µ9¤‚0ÑC¼Iè:cŽsÛ¾™x£ÆÐ¬ªÍöË¢ìƒ’W$•€Å{¨ÀPG ÀÀàŸZìÍ1RÉ0´ðxEË9+Éÿ ^rEÕ—±Š„70l¼áË@û.' ¼¹Žz€N3úUÉ<3á×*?²¬‚ä†"Ùc=p íÛ'¡ª1ñ"økJ†HÒ'»Ÿ+ oÏN¬Ã9 dÙãÜ×“ÏâÍ~æc+j·Jzâ7(£ðW]•æ™?nê´º6åwéåç÷N•ZŠíž›¬|?Ðõ?Ñ-E…Â®³ÇV$~X¯/…õ x‘LˆÑÜÚÈ7¦pzãÜüë½ðÄ^õtÝYËÍ7ÉÖÕ8ÏUe# #€r=sU¾/é’E§jRC4mxNÝ´9†íuá»›V‘ ZI€×cr1Ÿpzsøf»¨åV‹ìû`qËLÊIã?\~¼³áËC©êhªOîO»‘ÃmçÛçút×¢x“Z}?Ãœê#b-¤X7õÄò gž zzbº3œm*qvs·M=íúéw}¿&Úª°^Ö×µÏ(ø‡â†Öµƒenñý†×åQáYûœ÷ÇLœôÎNk¡ðÂ‡¼/µ¸n0æÉ0¬ƒ‚üîÉÆvŒw®Sáö”š¯‹-üÕVŠØÙ[$`(9cqƒÔ_@BëqûÙ`Ýæ0;79È?w<ó |ÙÜkßÌ1±Ëã¿ìÒ»ðlìï«ÓnªèèrP´NÏÂš&ŽéöÙ¸÷æ°~-_O'‰`°!RÚÚÝ%]Ø%þbß1'¿ÿ XÕáOöÎŒ·‹¬+Åæ*ÛÛ™0¤ƒOÍÔ`u¯¦ÂaèÐÃÓ«‹¨Ô¥µœ¿¯ÉyÅÙ.oÔôŸ Úx&(STðÝ½¦õ] ’ÒNóÁäÈùr3í·žÚ[™ƒ¼veÈÃ·ÞIõÎGlqÎ=M|«gsªxÅI6 ]Z·Îªä,¨zŒŽÄ~#ØŠúFñî™ªiÉqc©éÐD>Së”‘ GñŽ1éÐ^+ Ëi;Ô„µVÕú»i¯ÈÒ-ZÍ]òÜ˜®ì`bÛÙ¥_/y(@÷qÐúg Ô÷W0.Ø› 6Ò© r>QƒŒ0+Èîzb¨É+I0TbNñ"$~)ÕÒ6Þ‹{0VÆ27œWWñcÄcX×íôûyKZéðªc'iQ¿¯LaWŠŸS\·Š“ÅºÊ¸…ôÙÂí|öÀÇåV|!¤ÂGâÛ[[’ï 3OrÙËPY¹=Î1õ5öåTžÑè Ú64/üö?Zëžk}¬¶éàoá¾á}3“ü]8Éæ¿´n²Žš_6¾pœ)2?úWÓÚ¥¾¨iWúdŽq{*ª1rXŒd…m»‰äcô¯–dâ•ã‘Jº¬§¨#¨®§,df«8ÉÅßN¾hˆ;îÓ=7áùpën®É 6ûJžO2^œÐò JÖø¥²ãÂ›Ò6Ü·‰!wbÍ‚¬O©»õ¬ÿ ƒP=Ä:â¤-&ÙŽ `È9 r9íÏ§zë> XÅ7ƒ5X–krÑ¢L7€ìw}ÑŸNHëŒüþ:2†á¼+u·á÷N/Û'Ðç~ß˜ô«ëh!ónRéeQ´6QÛÿ èEwëÅÒ|¸Yqó1uêyùzð8 ƒŠù¦Ò;¹ä6öi<'ü³„[ÃZhu½ ùÍ¡g‚>r¯×ŠîÌx}bñ2“kê£§oø~›hTèóËWò4|ki"xßQ˜Ï6øÀLnß‚0 ¹Æ{±–¶Öe#¨27È@^Ìß.1N¾œyç€õ†ñeé·Õã†çQ°€=Ì©ºB€Ø8<‚ÃSõ®ùcc>×Ú .Fr:žÝGæ=kÁâ,^!Fž ¬,àµ}%¶«îõ¹†"r²ƒGœüYÕd?aÑÃY®49PyU ÷þ!žxÅm|/‚ãNð˜¼PcûTÒ,¹/Ý=FkÏ|u¨¶«âë…{¤m¢]Û¾ïP>®XãÞ½iÓÁ¾ ‰'¬–6ß¼(„ï— í!úÙäzôë^–:œ¨å|,_¿&š×]uÓÑµÛô4’j”bž§x‘Æ©ã›á,‚[Ã” ÎÞ= î®ˆŒËæ ÀùYÁ?ŽïÚ¼?ÁªxºÕÛ,°1¸‘¿ÝäãØ¯v…@¤åq½ºã œàûââ·z8Xýˆþz~—û»™âµj=Ž â~ãáh@'h¼F#·Üp?ŸëQü-løvépx»cŸø…lxâÃûGÂ·‰¶ø”L£©%y?¦úõÆü-Õ¶¥y`Òl7>q’2üA?•F}c‡jB:¸Jÿ +§¹¿¸Q÷°ív=VÑìu[Qml%R7a×IèTõéŽx¬ ?†š7 1†îã-ˆã’L¡lŽ0OÓ=ÅuˆpÇ•¼3ÛùÒ¶W/!|’wŽw^qÔ×ÏaóM8Q¨ãÑ?ëï0IEhÄa¸X•`a ?!ÐñùQ!Rä ÂžqŽžÝO`I0ÿ J“y|ñ!Îã@99>þ8–+éáu…!ù—ä Ê°<÷6’I®z ÅS„¾)Zþ_Öýµ×ËPåOwø÷þ*üïænÖùmØÝûþ¹=>¦½öî×Jh]¼ç&@§nTŒ6ITÀõ^Fxð7Å3!Ö·aÛ$þÿ ¹ã5îIo:ÈªmËY[’8ÇÓ¾Ç‰*òû¢¥xõ¾¼ú•åk+\ð¯ HÚoŽl•Ûk,¯ ç²²cõÅ{²Z\ ´ìQ åpzŽ3Ôð}ÿ Jð¯XO¡øÎé€hÙ¥ûLdŒ`““ù6Gá^ÃáÝ^Ë[Ñb¾YåŒÊ»dŽ4†2§,;ÿ CQÄ´¾°¨c–±”mºV{«ßÕýÄW\ÖŸ‘çŸ,çMRÆí“l-ƒn~ë©ÉÈê Ü?#Ž•¹ðãSÒ¥ÐWNíà½;ãž)™ÎSÈ9cóLjëµ¿Å«iÍk¨ió¶X‚7÷ƒ€yãnyÏŽëÞ Öt`×À×V's$È9Ú:ä{wÆEk€«†Çàc—â$éÎ.éí~Ýëk}ÅAÆpörÑ¢‡Šl¡ÑüSs‹¨‰IÃ„óÀ×wñ&eºðf™pŒÆ9gŽTø£lñëÀçŽ NkÊUK0U’p ï^¡ãÈ¥´ø{£ÙHp`’ØåbqÏ©äó^Æ: Ž' ÊóM«õz+ß×ó5Ÿ»('¹ð¦C„$˜Å¢_ºÈI?»^äã'ñêzž+ë€ñ-½»´}¡Ë*õ?.xÇ^1ŽMyÇÂ¸&“Â—L–îëöâ7…' bqéÎGé]Ëªâ1$o²¸R8Ã`.q€}sÖ¾C98cêÆÞíïóòvÓòùœÕfÔÚéýuèÖ·Ú Å‚_¤³ÜÛºÆ‘ÃŸ”à×¨ý:×ƒxPþÅÕî-/üØmnQìïGÎŠÙRqê=>¢½õnæ·r!—h`+’;ò3È<“Û©éšóŸx*÷V¹¸×tÈiˆßwiÔÿ |cŒñÏ®3Ö½Ì°‰Ë Qr©ö½®¼ÛoÑÙZÅÑ«Oàµ¯ýw8;k›ÿ x†;ˆJa;‘º9÷÷R+¡ñgŽí|Iáë{ôáo2Ê²9 029ÉÏLí\‰¿¸Ÿb˜ "Bv$£&#ßiê>=ªª©f ’N ëí>¡NXW~5×úíø\‰»½Ï^ø(—wÖú¥¤2íŽÞXæÁ$°eÈ888^nÝë²ñÝÔ^ ÖÚ9Q~Ëå7ï DC¶ÑµƒsËÇè9®Wáþƒ6‡£´·°2\Ý:ÈÑ?(#¨'$õèGJ¥ñW\ÿ ‰E¶—¸™g˜ÌÀ¹;Pv ú±ÎNs·ëŸ’–"Ž/:té+ûË]öJöÓM»ëø˜*‘•^Uý—êd|‰åñMæÔÝ‹23å™6æHùÛ‚ëüñ^…ñ1¢oêûÑEØ.õ7*ÅHtÎp{g<·Á«+¸c¿¿pÓ¾Æby=8É_ÄsÆk¬ñB\jÞÔì••Ë[9Píb‹Bãƒ… =93§ð§LšÛáÖšÆæXÌÞdÛP.0\ãïÛ0?™úJ¸™Ë ”•œº+=<µI£¦í¯õêt¬d‹T¬P=ËFêT>ÍØØ@Ï9<÷AQÌ×»Õ¡xùk",JÎæù±Éç$œŽŸZWH®¯"·UÌQÂ ’ÙÈ]ÅXg<ã ß¨g3-Üqe€0¢¨*Œ$Üƒ ’Sû 8ãŽ¼_/e'+Ï–-èÓ¶¶Õíß[·ÙÙ½îì—¼sk%§µxä‰â-pÒeÆCrú ôÏƒžû=”šÅô(QW‚Õd\ƒæ. \àö¹¯F½°³½0M>‘gr÷q+œ¶NïºHO— ¤ Ü¥Ý”n·J|ÆP6Kµc=Isó}Ò çGš)a=—#vK›åoK§ßóÙ¤¶¿õú…ÄRÚ[ËsöÙ¼Ë•Ë ópw®qœŒ·Ø ùÇâ‹ý‡ãKèS&ÞvûDAù‘É9ŒîqÅ} $SnIV[]Ñ´Ó}ØÜ¾A Ü|½kÅþÓ|EMuR¼.I¼¶däò‚ÃkÆ}ðy¹vciUœZ…Õõ»z¾÷¿n¦*j-É/àœHã\y5 Û ß™ó0—äŸnzôã#Ô¯,†¥ÚeÔ÷ÜÅ´„“'c…<íÝ€<·SŠ¥k§Ã¢éÆÆÙna‚8–=«Êª[Ÿ™°pNî02z“ÔÙ–K8.È’Þî(vƒ2®@ äÈûãçžxäÇf¯ˆu¹yUÕîýWšÙ|›ëÒ%Q^í[æ|éo5ï‚¼ZY•^{96ˆY‚§v*x>âº_|U¹Ö´©tûMÒÂ9PÇ#«£#€ éÉñ‘ƒÍz/‰´-Ä¯¹°dd,Ð‘›p03ƒœ{ç9=+ Ûá§‡¬¦[‡‚êå©º¸#±ß=³ý¿•Õµjñ½HÙh›Û[§ÚýÊöô÷{˜?ô÷·Ô.u©–_%còcAÀ˜’ }0x9Î>žñÇáÍ9,ahï¦Ì2òÓ ñÛAäry$V²Nð ]=$Ž ‚#Ù‚1ƒƒødõMax‡ÂÖ^!±KkÛ‘ «“Çó²FN8+ëÎ{Ò¼oí§[«ÕMRoËeç×[_m/¦¦k.kôgŽxsSÓ´ý`êzªÜÜKo‰cPC9ÎY‰#§^üý9¹âïÞx£Ë·Ú`±‰‹¤;³–=ÏaôÕAð‚÷kêÁNBéÎælcõö®£Fð†ô2Ò¬]ßÂK$ÓÜ®•”/ÊHàã$ä¸÷ëf¹Oµúâ“”’²øè´µþöjçNü÷üÌ¿ xNïFÒd»¼·h®îT9ŽAµÖ>qÁçÔœtïÒ»\È¶ÎîcÞäîó3¶@#ÉIÎ ÔñW.<´’¥–ÑÑ€ÕšA‚ ;†qÓë‚2q ÒÂó$# Çí‡ !Ë}Õ9ÈÎÑÉã=;ŒÇÎuñ+ÉûÏ¥öíeÙ+$úíÜå¨¯'+êZH4ƒq¶FV‹gïŒ208ÆÌ)íÐ±>M|÷âÍãÂ¾"iì‹¥£Jd´™OÝç;sÈúr+ÜäˆË)DŒ¥šF°*3Õ”d{zÔwºQ¿·UžÉf†~>I+ŒqÔ`ð3œ“Ü×f]œTÁÔn4“ƒø’Ýßõ_«*5šzGCÊ,þ+ê1Ã²÷O¶¸cœºb2yÇ;cùÕ£ñh¬›áÑŠr¤ÝäNBk¥—á—†gxšX/ì‘˜hŸ*Tçn =ûã¦2|(ð¿e·ºÖ$ ýìŸ!'åÎ°yîî+×öœ=Y:²¦ÓÞ×iü’—ü -BK™£˜›âÆ¡&véðõ-ûÉY¹=Onj¹ø¯¯yf4·±T Pó`çœ7={×mÃ/¢˜ZÚòK…G½¥b„’G AãÜœ*í¯Ã¿ IoæI¦NU8‘RwÈã;·€ Û×ëÒ”1Y •£E»ÿ Oyto¢<£Áö·šï,ä‰§ûA¼sû»Nò}¹üE{ÜÖªò1’õÞr0â}ÎØ#>à/8ïéÎ~—áÍ#Ã±Îlí§³2f'h”?C÷YËdð:qëõÓ·‚ïeÄ© ÔÈØÜRL+žAÎ3¼g=åšó³Œt3 ÑQ¦ùRÙßE®¼±w_;þhš’Sirÿ ^ˆã¼ià©‡|RòO„m°J/“$·l“ ÇÓ¿ÿ [ÑŠÆ“„†Õø>cFÆ6Ø1ƒ– àz7Ldòxäüwá‹ÝAXùO•Úý’é®ähm •NÀ±ÌTÈç ƒ‘I$pGž:‚ÄbêW¢®œ´|¦nÍ>¶ÖÏ¢§ÎÜ¢ºö¹•%ÄqL^öÛKpNA<ã¡ …î==ª¸óffËF‡yÌcÉ ©ç$ð=ñÏYþÊ’Ú]—¥‚¬‚eDïÎH>Ÿ_ÌTP™aÂ‰ch['çÆÜò7a‡?w°Ïn§âÎ5”’¨¹uÚÛ|´ÓÓc§{O—ü1•ªxsÃZ…ÊÏy¡Ã3¸Ë2Èé» ‘ƒÎ äžÜðA§cáOéúÛ4ý5-fŒï„ù¬ûô.Ç Üsž•Ò¾•wo<¶Ÿ"¬¡º|£ î2sÇ¡éE²ÉFÑ±rU°dÜ6œ¨ mc†Îxë×ºÞ'0²¡Rr„{j¾í·è›µ÷)º·å–‹î2|I®Y¼ºÍË·–ÃÆàã£'óÆxƒOÆÞ&>\lóÌxP Xc¸ì Sþ5§qà/ê>#žÞW¸if$\3 ® ûÄ“ùŽÕê¾ð<Ó‹H¶óÏ" å·( á‘€:ã†8Ï=+ê¨¬UA×ÃËÚT’ÑÞöù¥¢]{»ms¥F0\ÑÕ—ô}&ÛB´ƒOŽÚ+›xíÄÀ1 ,v± žIëíZ0Ç§™3í2®0à¸—p9öÝÔž)ÓZËoq/Ú“‘L ²ŒmùŽï‘Ó9§[Û#Ä‘\ÞB¬Çs [;à à«g‚2ôòªœÝV§»·¯/[uó½õÛï¾ /šÍ}öüÿ «=x»HŸÂÞ.™ ÌQùŸh´‘#a$‚'¡u<Š›Æ>2>+ƒLSiöwµFó1!eg`£åœ ÷ëÛö}Á¿ÛVÙêv $¬ƒ|,s÷z€ðÎƒ¨x÷ÅD\ÜŒÞmåÔ„ ˆ o| :{ÇÓ¶–òÁn!´0Ål€, ƒ ( ÛŒŒc¶rsšæ,4‹MÛOH!@¢ ÇŽ„`å²9ÝÃw;AÍt0®¤¡…¯ØÄ.Àìí´ƒ‘ßñ5Í,Óëu-ÈÔc¢KÃÓ£òÖÌºU.õL¯0…%2È—"~x ‚[`có±nHàŽyàö™¥keˆìŒÛFç{(Ø©†`Jã#Žwg<“:ÚÉ;M ^\yhûX‡vB·÷zrF?§BÊÔ/s<ÐÈB)Û± ·ÍÔwç5Âã:så§e{mÑ¤ï«Òíh—]Wm4âí¿ùþW4bC3¶ª¾Ùr$pw`àädzt!yŠI„hÂîàM)!edŒm'æ>Ç?wzºKìcŒ´¯Ìq6fp$)ãw¡éUl`µ»ARAˆÝÕgr:äŒgƒéé[Ôö±”iYs5Ýï«ÙG—K=þF’æMG«óÿ `ŠKÉ¦uOQ!ÕåŒ/ÎGÞ`@ËqÕzdõâ«Ê/Ö(ƒK´%ŽbMüåÜŸö—>¤óŒŒV‘°„I¢Yž#™¥ùÏÊ@8 œgqöö5ª4v×“[¬(q cò¨À!FGaÁõõ¯?§†¥ÏU½í¿WªZ$úyú½Žz×§Éþ?>Ã×È•6°{™™ŽÙ.$`ÎUœ…çè ' ¤r$1Ø(y7 ðV<ž:È ÁÎMw¾Â'Øb§øxb7gãÐž½óÉÊë²,i„FÈ¹£§8ãäÂ½k¹¥¦ê/ç{ïêï¦‡2œ/«ü?¯Ô›ìñÜ$þeýœRIåŒg9Ác’zrrNO bÚi¢ ÑºË/$,“ª¯Ýä;Œ× ´<ÛÑn³IvŸb™¥ nm–ÄŸ—nÝÀãŽ3ëÍG,.öó³˜Ù£¹uÊÌrŠ[<±!@Æ:c9ÅZh ì’M5ÄìÌ-‚¼ëÉùqŽGì9¬á ;¨A-ž—évþÖ–^ON·Ô”ŸEý}ú×PO&e[]ÒG¸˜Ûp ƒÃà/Ë·8ûÀ€1ž@¿ÚB*²¼ñì8@p™8Q“žÆH'8«I-%¸‚ F»“åó6°Uù|¶Ú¸ã ò^Äw¥ŠÖK–1ÜÝK,Žddlí²0PÀü“×ükG…¯U«·¶–´w¶ŽÍ¾©yÞú[Zös•¯Á[™6° ¨¼ÉVæq·,# ìãï‘×8îry®A››¨,ãc66»Ë´ã'æÉù?t}¢æH--Òá"›|ˆ¬[í 7¶ö#¸9«––‹$,+Ëqœ\Êøc€yê^Ý¸Äa°«™B-9%«×®‹V´w~vÜTéê¢·þ¼ˆ%·¹• ’[xç•÷2gØS?6åÀÚ õ9É#š@÷bT¸º²C*3Bá¤òÎA9 =úU§Ó"2Ãlá0iÝIc‚2Î@%öç94ùô»'»HÄ¥Ô¾@à Tp£šíx:úÊ:5eºßMý×wµ›Ó_+šº3Ýyvÿ "ºÇ<ÂI>Õ1G·Ë«È«É# àÈÇ øp Jv·šæDûE¿›†Ë’NFr2qŸ½ÇAÜšu•´éí#Ä¦8£2”Ú2Ã/€[ÎTr;qŠz*ý’Îþ(â‰ ;¡TÆâ›;ºÿ àçœk‘Þ8¾Uª¾íé{^×IZéwÓkXÉûÑZo¯_øo×È¡¬ â–ÞR§2„‚Àœü½ùç® SVa†Âüª¼±D‘ŒísŸàä|ä2 æ[‹z”¯s{wn„ÆmáóCO+†GO8Ïeçåº`¯^¼ðG5f{Xžä,k‰<á y™¥voÆ éÛõëI=œ1‹éíÔÀÑ)R#;AÂncäŽ:tÏ#¶TkB.0Œ-ÖÞZÛgumß}fÎJÉ+#2êÔP£žùÈÅi¢%œ3P*Yƒò‚Aì“Ž2r:ƒÐúñiRUQq‰H9!”={~¼“JŽV¥»×²m.ÛßºiYl¾òk˜gL³·rT• ’…wHÁ6ä`–Î3ùÌ4Øe³†&òL‘•%clyÃ®AÂäà0 žüç$[3uÅ˜î¹•pNOÀÉ=† cï{rYK ååä~FÁ •a»"Lär1Ó¯2Äõæ<™C•.fÕ»è¥~½-¿g½Â4¡{[ør¨¶·Žõäx¥’l®qpwÇ»8ärF \cŽ¸ÜÆÓ-g‚yciÏÀ¾rÎwèØÈ#o°Á9ã5¢šfÔxÞæfGusÏÌJÿ µ×œ/LtãÅT7²¶w,l É³;”eúà·¨çîŒsÜgTÃS¦^ '~‹®›¯+k÷ZÖd©Æ*Ó[Ü«%Œk0ŽXƒ”$k#È¨ P2bv‘ƒŸáÇ™ÆÕb)m$É*8óLE‘8'–ÜN Úyàúô+{uº±I'wvš4fÜr íì½=úuú sFlìV$‘ö†HÑù€$§ õ=½¸«Ž] :Ž+•¦ïmRþ½l´îÊT#nkiøÿ _ðÆT¶7Ò½ºÒ£Î¸d\ã8=yãŽÜäR{x]ZâÚé#¸r²#»ÎHÆ6õ ç® ÎFkr;sºÄ.&;só±Ç9êH÷ýSšÕtÐU¢-n Ì| vqœ„{gŒt§S.P‹’Ž‰_[;m¥ÞZýRûÂX{+¥úü¼ú•-àÓ7!„G"“´‹žƒnrYXã¸îp éœ!ÓoPÌtÑ (‰Þ¹é€sÓ#GLçÕšÑnJý¡!‘Tä#“ß?îýp}xÇ‚I¥Õn#·¸–y'qó@r[ Êô÷<ÔWÃÓ¢áN¥4Ô’I&Ý¼¬¬¼ÞºvéÆ FQV~_ÒüJÖÚt¥¦Xá3BÄP^%ÈÎW-×c¡ú©¤·Iþèk¥š?–UQåIR[’O 5x\ÉhÆI¶K4«2ùªŠŒ<¼óœçØ`u«‚Í.VHä€ Ëgfx''9ÆI#±®Z8 sISºku¢ßÞ]úk»Jößl¡B.Ü»ÿ MWe °·Ž%šêÉ†¼»Âù³´œ O¿cÐÓÄh©"ÛÜÏ.ÖV’3nüÄmnq[ŒòznšÖ>J¬òˆæ…qýØP Ž:ä7^0yëWšÍ_79äoaÈ °#q0{ää×mœy”R{vÒÞ¶ÚÏe¥“ÚÆÐ¥Ì®—õýjR •íç›Ìb„+JyÜØÙ•Ç]¿Ôd þËOL²”9-Œ—õÃc'æÝ×œçÚ²ìejP“½ âù°¨†ðqòädÐƒÉäÖÜj÷PÇp“ÍšŠå«‘î <iWNsmª»¶vÓz5»ûì:Rs\Ðßôû×uÔÿÙ