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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>15.11. curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="15. 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Generic Operating System Services</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-curses"> <h1>15.11. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses" title="curses: An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses</tt></a> — Terminal handling for character-cell displays<a class="headerlink" href="#module-curses" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> Changed in version 1.6: Added support for the <tt class="docutils literal">ncurses</tt> library and converted to a package. The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses" title="curses: An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses</tt></a> module provides an interface to the curses library, the de-facto standard for portable advanced terminal handling. While curses is most widely used in the Unix environment, versions are available for DOS, OS/2, and possibly other systems as well. This extension module is designed to match the API of ncurses, an open-source curses library hosted on Linux and the BSD variants of Unix. <div class="admonition note"> Note Since version 5.4, the ncurses library decides how to interpret non-ASCII data using the <tt class="docutils literal">nl_langinfo</tt> function. That means that you have to call <a class="reference internal" href="locale.html#locale.setlocale" title="locale.setlocale"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">locale.setlocale()</tt></a> in the application and encode Unicode strings using one of the system’s available encodings. This example uses the system’s default encoding: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>import locale locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') code = locale.getpreferredencoding() </pre></div> </div> Then use code as the encoding for <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str.encode" title="str.encode"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">str.encode()</tt></a> calls. </div> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> See also <dl class="docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="curses.ascii.html#module-curses.ascii" title="curses.ascii: Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses.ascii</tt></a></dt> <dd>Utilities for working with ASCII characters, regardless of your locale settings.</dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="curses.panel.html#module-curses.panel" title="curses.panel: A panel stack extension that adds depth to curses windows."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses.panel</tt></a></dt> <dd>A panel stack extension that adds depth to curses windows.</dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.textpad" title="curses.textpad: Emacs-like input editing in a curses window."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses.textpad</tt></a></dt> <dd>Editable text widget for curses supporting Emacs-like bindings.</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/curses.html#curses-howto">Curses Programming with Python</a></dt> <dd>Tutorial material on using curses with Python, by Andrew Kuchling and Eric Raymond.</dd> </dl> The <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Demo/curses/">Demo/curses/</a> directory in the Python source distribution contains some example programs using the curses bindings provided by this module. </div> <div class="section" id="functions"> <h2>15.11.1. Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> The module <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses" title="curses: An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses</tt></a> defines the following exception: <dl class="exception"> <dt id="curses.error"> exception <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">error</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Exception raised when a curses library function returns an error. </dd></dl> <div class="admonition note"> Note Whenever x or y arguments to a function or a method are optional, they default to the current cursor location. Whenever attr is optional, it defaults to <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">A_NORMAL</tt>. </div> The module <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses" title="curses: An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses</tt></a> defines the following functions: <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.baudrate"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">baudrate</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.baudrate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the output speed of the terminal in bits per second. On software terminal emulators it will have a fixed high value. Included for historical reasons; in former times, it was used to write output loops for time delays and occasionally to change interfaces depending on the line speed. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.beep"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">beep</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.beep" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Emit a short attention sound. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.can_change_color"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">can_change_color</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.can_change_color" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt>, depending on whether the programmer can change the colors displayed by the terminal. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.cbreak"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">cbreak</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.cbreak" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Enter cbreak mode. In cbreak mode (sometimes called “rare” mode) normal tty line buffering is turned off and characters are available to be read one by one. However, unlike raw mode, special characters (interrupt, quit, suspend, and flow control) retain their effects on the tty driver and calling program. Calling first <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.raw" title="curses.raw"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">raw()</tt></a> then <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.cbreak" title="curses.cbreak"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">cbreak()</tt></a> leaves the terminal in cbreak mode. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.color_content"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">color_content</tt><big>(</big>color_number<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.color_content" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the intensity of the red, green, and blue (RGB) components in the color color_number, which must be between <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">COLORS</tt>. A 3-tuple is returned, containing the R,G,B values for the given color, which will be between <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> (no component) and <tt class="docutils literal">1000</tt> (maximum amount of component). </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.color_pair"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">color_pair</tt><big>(</big>color_number<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.color_pair" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the attribute value for displaying text in the specified color. This attribute value can be combined with <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">A_STANDOUT</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">A_REVERSE</tt>, and the other <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">A_*</tt> attributes. <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.pair_number" title="curses.pair_number"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">pair_number()</tt></a> is the counterpart to this function. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.curs_set"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">curs_set</tt><big>(</big>visibility<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.curs_set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set the cursor state. visibility can be set to 0, 1, or 2, for invisible, normal, or very visible. If the terminal supports the visibility requested, the previous cursor state is returned; otherwise, an exception is raised. On many terminals, the “visible” mode is an underline cursor and the “very visible” mode is a block cursor. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.def_prog_mode"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">def_prog_mode</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.def_prog_mode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Save the current terminal mode as the “program” mode, the mode when the running program is using curses. (Its counterpart is the “shell” mode, for when the program is not in curses.) Subsequent calls to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.reset_prog_mode" title="curses.reset_prog_mode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">reset_prog_mode()</tt></a> will restore this mode. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.def_shell_mode"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">def_shell_mode</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.def_shell_mode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Save the current terminal mode as the “shell” mode, the mode when the running program is not using curses. (Its counterpart is the “program” mode, when the program is using curses capabilities.) Subsequent calls to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.reset_shell_mode" title="curses.reset_shell_mode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">reset_shell_mode()</tt></a> will restore this mode. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.delay_output"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">delay_output</tt><big>(</big>ms<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.delay_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Insert an ms millisecond pause in output. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.doupdate"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">doupdate</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.doupdate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Update the physical screen. The curses library keeps two data structures, one representing the current physical screen contents and a virtual screen representing the desired next state. The <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.doupdate" title="curses.doupdate"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">doupdate()</tt></a> ground updates the physical screen to match the virtual screen. The virtual screen may be updated by a <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">noutrefresh()</tt> call after write operations such as <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">addstr()</tt> have been performed on a window. The normal <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt> call is simply <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">noutrefresh()</tt> followed by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.doupdate" title="curses.doupdate"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">doupdate()</tt></a>; if you have to update multiple windows, you can speed performance and perhaps reduce screen flicker by issuing <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">noutrefresh()</tt> calls on all windows, followed by a single <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.doupdate" title="curses.doupdate"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">doupdate()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.echo"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">echo</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.echo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Enter echo mode. In echo mode, each character input is echoed to the screen as it is entered. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.endwin"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">endwin</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.endwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>De-initialize the library, and return terminal to normal status. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.erasechar"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">erasechar</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.erasechar" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the user’s current erase character. Under Unix operating systems this is a property of the controlling tty of the curses program, and is not set by the curses library itself. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.filter"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">filter</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.filter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.filter" title="curses.filter"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">filter()</tt></a> routine, if used, must be called before <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.initscr" title="curses.initscr"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">initscr()</tt></a> is called. The effect is that, during those calls, <tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal">LINES</tt> is set to 1; the capabilities clear, cup, cud, cud1, cuu1, cuu, vpa are disabled; and the home string is set to the value of cr. The effect is that the cursor is confined to the current line, and so are screen updates. This may be used for enabling character-at-a-time line editing without touching the rest of the screen. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.flash"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">flash</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.flash" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Flash the screen. That is, change it to reverse-video and then change it back in a short interval. Some people prefer such as ‘visible bell’ to the audible attention signal produced by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.beep" title="curses.beep"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">beep()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.flushinp"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">flushinp</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.flushinp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Flush all input buffers. This throws away any typeahead that has been typed by the user and has not yet been processed by the program. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.getmouse"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">getmouse</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.getmouse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>After <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">getch()</tt> returns <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_MOUSE</tt> to signal a mouse event, this method should be call to retrieve the queued mouse event, represented as a 5-tuple <tt class="docutils literal">(id, x, y, z, bstate)</tt>. id is an ID value used to distinguish multiple devices, and x, y, z are the event’s coordinates. (z is currently unused.) bstate is an integer value whose bits will be set to indicate the type of event, and will be the bitwise OR of one or more of the following constants, where n is the button number from 1 to 4: <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">BUTTONn_PRESSED</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">BUTTONn_RELEASED</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">BUTTONn_CLICKED</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">BUTTONn_DOUBLE_CLICKED</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">BUTTONn_TRIPLE_CLICKED</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">BUTTON_SHIFT</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">BUTTON_CTRL</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">BUTTON_ALT</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.getsyx"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">getsyx</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.getsyx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the current coordinates of the virtual screen cursor in y and x. If leaveok is currently true, then -1,-1 is returned. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.getwin"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">getwin</tt><big>(</big>file<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.getwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Read window related data stored in the file by an earlier <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">putwin()</tt> call. The routine then creates and initializes a new window using that data, returning the new window object. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.has_colors"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">has_colors</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.has_colors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> if the terminal can display colors; otherwise, return <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.has_ic"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">has_ic</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.has_ic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> if the terminal has insert- and delete-character capabilities. This function is included for historical reasons only, as all modern software terminal emulators have such capabilities. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.has_il"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">has_il</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.has_il" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> if the terminal has insert- and delete-line capabilities, or can simulate them using scrolling regions. This function is included for historical reasons only, as all modern software terminal emulators have such capabilities. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.has_key"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">has_key</tt><big>(</big>ch<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.has_key" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Take a key value ch, and return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> if the current terminal type recognizes a key with that value. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.halfdelay"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">halfdelay</tt><big>(</big>tenths<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.halfdelay" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Used for half-delay mode, which is similar to cbreak mode in that characters typed by the user are immediately available to the program. However, after blocking for tenths tenths of seconds, an exception is raised if nothing has been typed. The value of tenths must be a number between <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">255</tt>. Use <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.nocbreak" title="curses.nocbreak"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">nocbreak()</tt></a> to leave half-delay mode. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.init_color"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">init_color</tt><big>(</big>color_number, r, g, b<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.init_color" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Change the definition of a color, taking the number of the color to be changed followed by three RGB values (for the amounts of red, green, and blue components). The value of color_number must be between <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">COLORS</tt>. Each of r, g, b, must be a value between <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">1000</tt>. When <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.init_color" title="curses.init_color"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">init_color()</tt></a> is used, all occurrences of that color on the screen immediately change to the new definition. This function is a no-op on most terminals; it is active only if <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.can_change_color" title="curses.can_change_color"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">can_change_color()</tt></a> returns <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.init_pair"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">init_pair</tt><big>(</big>pair_number, fg, bg<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.init_pair" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Change the definition of a color-pair. It takes three arguments: the number of the color-pair to be changed, the foreground color number, and the background color number. The value of pair_number must be between <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_PAIRS - 1</tt> (the <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> color pair is wired to white on black and cannot be changed). The value of fg and bg arguments must be between <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">COLORS</tt>. If the color-pair was previously initialized, the screen is refreshed and all occurrences of that color-pair are changed to the new definition. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.initscr"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">initscr</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.initscr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Initialize the library. Return a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">WindowObject</tt> which represents the whole screen. <div class="admonition note"> Note If there is an error opening the terminal, the underlying curses library may cause the interpreter to exit. </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.is_term_resized"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">is_term_resized</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.is_term_resized" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> if <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.resize_term" title="curses.resize_term"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">resize_term()</tt></a> would modify the window structure, <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt> otherwise. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.isendwin"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">isendwin</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.isendwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> if <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.endwin" title="curses.endwin"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">endwin()</tt></a> has been called (that is, the curses library has been deinitialized). </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.keyname"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">keyname</tt><big>(</big>k<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.keyname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the name of the key numbered k. The name of a key generating printable ASCII character is the key’s character. The name of a control-key combination is a two-character string consisting of a caret followed by the corresponding printable ASCII character. The name of an alt-key combination (128-255) is a string consisting of the prefix ‘M-‘ followed by the name of the corresponding ASCII character. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.killchar"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">killchar</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.killchar" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the user’s current line kill character. Under Unix operating systems this is a property of the controlling tty of the curses program, and is not set by the curses library itself. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.longname"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">longname</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.longname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string containing the terminfo long name field describing the current terminal. The maximum length of a verbose description is 128 characters. It is defined only after the call to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.initscr" title="curses.initscr"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">initscr()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.meta"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">meta</tt><big>(</big>yes<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.meta" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If yes is 1, allow 8-bit characters to be input. If yes is 0, allow only 7-bit chars. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.mouseinterval"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">mouseinterval</tt><big>(</big>interval<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.mouseinterval" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set the maximum time in milliseconds that can elapse between press and release events in order for them to be recognized as a click, and return the previous interval value. The default value is 200 msec, or one fifth of a second. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.mousemask"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">mousemask</tt><big>(</big>mousemask<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.mousemask" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set the mouse events to be reported, and return a tuple <tt class="docutils literal">(availmask, oldmask)</tt>. availmask indicates which of the specified mouse events can be reported; on complete failure it returns 0. oldmask is the previous value of the given window’s mouse event mask. If this function is never called, no mouse events are ever reported. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.napms"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">napms</tt><big>(</big>ms<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.napms" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Sleep for ms milliseconds. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.newpad"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">newpad</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.newpad" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Create and return a pointer to a new pad data structure with the given number of lines and columns. A pad is returned as a window object. A pad is like a window, except that it is not restricted by the screen size, and is not necessarily associated with a particular part of the screen. Pads can be used when a large window is needed, and only a part of the window will be on the screen at one time. Automatic refreshes of pads (such as from scrolling or echoing of input) do not occur. The <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">noutrefresh()</tt> methods of a pad require 6 arguments to specify the part of the pad to be displayed and the location on the screen to be used for the display. The arguments are pminrow, pmincol, sminrow, smincol, smaxrow, smaxcol; the p arguments refer to the upper left corner of the pad region to be displayed and the s arguments define a clipping box on the screen within which the pad region is to be displayed. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.newwin"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">newwin</tt><big>(</big>begin_y, begin_x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.newwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">newwin</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols, begin_y, begin_x<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Return a new window, whose left-upper corner is at <tt class="docutils literal">(begin_y, begin_x)</tt>, and whose height/width is nlines/ncols. By default, the window will extend from the specified position to the lower right corner of the screen. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.nl"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">nl</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.nl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Enter newline mode. This mode translates the return key into newline on input, and translates newline into return and line-feed on output. Newline mode is initially on. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.nocbreak"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">nocbreak</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.nocbreak" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Leave cbreak mode. Return to normal “cooked” mode with line buffering. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.noecho"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">noecho</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.noecho" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Leave echo mode. Echoing of input characters is turned off. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.nonl"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">nonl</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.nonl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Leave newline mode. Disable translation of return into newline on input, and disable low-level translation of newline into newline/return on output (but this does not change the behavior of <tt class="docutils literal">addch('\n')</tt>, which always does the equivalent of return and line feed on the virtual screen). With translation off, curses can sometimes speed up vertical motion a little; also, it will be able to detect the return key on input. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.noqiflush"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">noqiflush</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.noqiflush" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>When the <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.noqiflush" title="curses.noqiflush"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">noqiflush()</tt></a> routine is used, normal flush of input and output queues associated with the INTR, QUIT and SUSP characters will not be done. You may want to call <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.noqiflush" title="curses.noqiflush"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">noqiflush()</tt></a> in a signal handler if you want output to continue as though the interrupt had not occurred, after the handler exits. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.noraw"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">noraw</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.noraw" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Leave raw mode. Return to normal “cooked” mode with line buffering. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.pair_content"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">pair_content</tt><big>(</big>pair_number<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.pair_content" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a tuple <tt class="docutils literal">(fg, bg)</tt> containing the colors for the requested color pair. The value of pair_number must be between <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_PAIRS - 1</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.pair_number"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">pair_number</tt><big>(</big>attr<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.pair_number" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the number of the color-pair set by the attribute value attr. <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.color_pair" title="curses.color_pair"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">color_pair()</tt></a> is the counterpart to this function. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.putp"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">putp</tt><big>(</big>string<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.putp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">tputs(str, 1, putchar)</tt>; emit the value of a specified terminfo capability for the current terminal. Note that the output of <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.putp" title="curses.putp"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">putp()</tt></a> always goes to standard output. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.qiflush"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">qiflush</tt><big>(</big>[flag]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.qiflush" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If flag is <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt>, the effect is the same as calling <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.noqiflush" title="curses.noqiflush"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">noqiflush()</tt></a>. If flag is <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt>, or no argument is provided, the queues will be flushed when these control characters are read. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.raw"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">raw</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.raw" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Enter raw mode. In raw mode, normal line buffering and processing of interrupt, quit, suspend, and flow control keys are turned off; characters are presented to curses input functions one by one. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.reset_prog_mode"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">reset_prog_mode</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.reset_prog_mode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Restore the terminal to “program” mode, as previously saved by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.def_prog_mode" title="curses.def_prog_mode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">def_prog_mode()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.reset_shell_mode"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">reset_shell_mode</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.reset_shell_mode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Restore the terminal to “shell” mode, as previously saved by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.def_shell_mode" title="curses.def_shell_mode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">def_shell_mode()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.resetty"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">resetty</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.resetty" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Restore the state of the terminal modes to what it was at the last call to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.savetty" title="curses.savetty"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">savetty()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.resize_term"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">resize_term</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.resize_term" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Backend function used by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.resizeterm" title="curses.resizeterm"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">resizeterm()</tt></a>, performing most of the work; when resizing the windows, <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.resize_term" title="curses.resize_term"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">resize_term()</tt></a> blank-fills the areas that are extended. The calling application should fill in these areas with appropriate data. The <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.resize_term" title="curses.resize_term"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">resize_term()</tt></a> function attempts to resize all windows. However, due to the calling convention of pads, it is not possible to resize these without additional interaction with the application. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.resizeterm"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">resizeterm</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.resizeterm" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Resize the standard and current windows to the specified dimensions, and adjusts other bookkeeping data used by the curses library that record the window dimensions (in particular the SIGWINCH handler). </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.savetty"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">savetty</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.savetty" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Save the current state of the terminal modes in a buffer, usable by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.resetty" title="curses.resetty"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">resetty()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.setsyx"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">setsyx</tt><big>(</big>y, x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.setsyx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set the virtual screen cursor to y, x. If y and x are both -1, then leaveok is set. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.setupterm"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">setupterm</tt><big>(</big>[termstr, fd]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.setupterm" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Initialize the terminal. termstr is a string giving the terminal name; if omitted, the value of the <tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal">TERM</tt> environment variable will be used. fd is the file descriptor to which any initialization sequences will be sent; if not supplied, the file descriptor for <tt class="docutils literal">sys.stdout</tt> will be used. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.start_color"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">start_color</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.start_color" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Must be called if the programmer wants to use colors, and before any other color manipulation routine is called. It is good practice to call this routine right after <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.initscr" title="curses.initscr"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">initscr()</tt></a>. <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.start_color" title="curses.start_color"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">start_color()</tt></a> initializes eight basic colors (black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, and white), and two global variables in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses" title="curses: An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses</tt></a> module, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">COLORS</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">COLOR_PAIRS</tt>, containing the maximum number of colors and color-pairs the terminal can support. It also restores the colors on the terminal to the values they had when the terminal was just turned on. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.termattrs"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">termattrs</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.termattrs" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a logical OR of all video attributes supported by the terminal. This information is useful when a curses program needs complete control over the appearance of the screen. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.termname"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">termname</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.termname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the value of the environment variable <tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal">TERM</tt>, truncated to 14 characters. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.tigetflag"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">tigetflag</tt><big>(</big>capname<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.tigetflag" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the value of the Boolean capability corresponding to the terminfo capability name capname. The value <tt class="docutils literal">-1</tt> is returned if capname is not a Boolean capability, or <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> if it is canceled or absent from the terminal description. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.tigetnum"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">tigetnum</tt><big>(</big>capname<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.tigetnum" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the value of the numeric capability corresponding to the terminfo capability name capname. The value <tt class="docutils literal">-2</tt> is returned if capname is not a numeric capability, or <tt class="docutils literal">-1</tt> if it is canceled or absent from the terminal description. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.tigetstr"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">tigetstr</tt><big>(</big>capname<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.tigetstr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the value of the string capability corresponding to the terminfo capability name capname. <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> is returned if capname is not a string capability, or is canceled or absent from the terminal description. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.tparm"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">tparm</tt><big>(</big>str[, ...]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.tparm" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Instantiate the string str with the supplied parameters, where str should be a parameterized string obtained from the terminfo database. E.g. <tt class="docutils literal">tparm(tigetstr("cup"), 5, 3)</tt> could result in <tt class="docutils literal">'\033[6;4H'</tt>, the exact result depending on terminal type. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.typeahead"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">typeahead</tt><big>(</big>fd<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.typeahead" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Specify that the file descriptor fd be used for typeahead checking. If fd is <tt class="docutils literal">-1</tt>, then no typeahead checking is done. The curses library does “line-breakout optimization” by looking for typeahead periodically while updating the screen. If input is found, and it is coming from a tty, the current update is postponed until refresh or doupdate is called again, allowing faster response to commands typed in advance. This function allows specifying a different file descriptor for typeahead checking. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.unctrl"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">unctrl</tt><big>(</big>ch<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.unctrl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string which is a printable representation of the character ch. Control characters are displayed as a caret followed by the character, for example as <tt class="docutils literal">^C</tt>. Printing characters are left as they are. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.ungetch"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">ungetch</tt><big>(</big>ch<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ungetch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Push ch so the next <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">getch()</tt> will return it. <div class="admonition note"> Note Only one ch can be pushed before <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">getch()</tt> is called. </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.ungetmouse"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">ungetmouse</tt><big>(</big>id, x, y, z, bstate<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ungetmouse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Push a <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_MOUSE</tt> event onto the input queue, associating the given state data with it. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.use_env"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">use_env</tt><big>(</big>flag<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.use_env" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If used, this function should be called before <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.initscr" title="curses.initscr"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">initscr()</tt></a> or newterm are called. When flag is <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt>, the values of lines and columns specified in the terminfo database will be used, even if environment variables <tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal">LINES</tt> and <tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal">COLUMNS</tt> (used by default) are set, or if curses is running in a window (in which case default behavior would be to use the window size if <tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal">LINES</tt> and <tt class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal">COLUMNS</tt> are not set). </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.use_default_colors"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">use_default_colors</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.use_default_colors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Allow use of default values for colors on terminals supporting this feature. Use this to support transparency in your application. The default color is assigned to the color number -1. After calling this function, <tt class="docutils literal">init_pair(x, curses.COLOR_RED, -1)</tt> initializes, for instance, color pair x to a red foreground color on the default background. </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.wrapper"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">wrapper</tt><big>(</big>func, ...<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.wrapper" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Initialize curses and call another callable object, func, which should be the rest of your curses-using application. If the application raises an exception, this function will restore the terminal to a sane state before re-raising the exception and generating a traceback. The callable object func is then passed the main window ‘stdscr’ as its first argument, followed by any other arguments passed to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.wrapper" title="curses.wrapper"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">wrapper()</tt></a>. Before calling func, <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.wrapper" title="curses.wrapper"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">wrapper()</tt></a> turns on cbreak mode, turns off echo, enables the terminal keypad, and initializes colors if the terminal has color support. On exit (whether normally or by exception) it restores cooked mode, turns on echo, and disables the terminal keypad. </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="window-objects"> <h2>15.11.2. Window Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#window-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> Window objects, as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.initscr" title="curses.initscr"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">initscr()</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.newwin" title="curses.newwin"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">newwin()</tt></a> above, have the following methods: <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.addch"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">addch</tt><big>(</big>ch[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.addch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">addch</tt><big>(</big>y, x, ch[, attr]<big>)</big></dt> <dd><div class="admonition note"> Note A character means a C character (an ASCII code), rather than a Python character (a string of length 1). (This note is true whenever the documentation mentions a character.) The built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#ord" title="ord"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">ord()</tt></a> is handy for conveying strings to codes. </div> Paint character ch at <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> with attributes attr, overwriting any character previously painter at that location. By default, the character position and attributes are the current settings for the window object. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.addnstr"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">addnstr</tt><big>(</big>str, n[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.addnstr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">addnstr</tt><big>(</big>y, x, str, n[, attr]<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Paint at most n characters of the string str at <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> with attributes attr, overwriting anything previously on the display. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.addstr"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">addstr</tt><big>(</big>str[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.addstr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">addstr</tt><big>(</big>y, x, str[, attr]<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Paint the string str at <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> with attributes attr, overwriting anything previously on the display. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.attroff"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">attroff</tt><big>(</big>attr<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.attroff" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Remove attribute attr from the “background” set applied to all writes to the current window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.attron"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">attron</tt><big>(</big>attr<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.attron" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Add attribute attr from the “background” set applied to all writes to the current window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.attrset"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">attrset</tt><big>(</big>attr<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.attrset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set the “background” set of attributes to attr. This set is initially 0 (no attributes). </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.bkgd"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">bkgd</tt><big>(</big>ch[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.bkgd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set the background property of the window to the character ch, with attributes attr. The change is then applied to every character position in that window: <ul class="simple"> <li>The attribute of every character in the window is changed to the new background attribute.</li> <li>Wherever the former background character appears, it is changed to the new background character.</li> </ul> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.bkgdset"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">bkgdset</tt><big>(</big>ch[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.bkgdset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set the window’s background. A window’s background consists of a character and any combination of attributes. The attribute part of the background is combined (OR’ed) with all non-blank characters that are written into the window. Both the character and attribute parts of the background are combined with the blank characters. The background becomes a property of the character and moves with the character through any scrolling and insert/delete line/character operations. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.border"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">border</tt><big>(</big>[ls[, rs[, ts[, bs[, tl[, tr[, bl[, br]]]]]]]]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.border" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Draw a border around the edges of the window. Each parameter specifies the character to use for a specific part of the border; see the table below for more details. The characters can be specified as integers or as one-character strings. <div class="admonition note"> Note A <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> value for any parameter will cause the default character to be used for that parameter. Keyword parameters can not be used. The defaults are listed in this table: </div> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="20%" /> <col width="38%" /> <col width="42%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Parameter</th> <th class="head">Description</th> <th class="head">Default value</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td>ls</td> <td>Left side</td> <td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ACS_VLINE</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td>rs</td> <td>Right side</td> <td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ACS_VLINE</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td>ts</td> <td>Top</td> <td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ACS_HLINE</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td>bs</td> <td>Bottom</td> <td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ACS_HLINE</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td>tl</td> <td>Upper-left corner</td> <td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ACS_ULCORNER</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td>tr</td> <td>Upper-right corner</td> <td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ACS_URCORNER</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td>bl</td> <td>Bottom-left corner</td> <td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ACS_LLCORNER</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td>br</td> <td>Bottom-right corner</td> <td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ACS_LRCORNER</tt></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.box"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">box</tt><big>(</big>[vertch, horch]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.box" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.border" title="curses.window.border"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">border()</tt></a>, but both ls and rs are vertch and both ts and bs are horch. The default corner characters are always used by this function. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.chgat"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">chgat</tt><big>(</big>attr<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.chgat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">chgat</tt><big>(</big>num, attr<big>)</big></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">chgat</tt><big>(</big>y, x, attr<big>)</big></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">chgat</tt><big>(</big>y, x, num, attr<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Set the attributes of num characters at the current cursor position, or at position <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> if supplied. If no value of num is given or num = -1, the attribute will be set on all the characters to the end of the line. This function does not move the cursor. The changed line will be touched using the <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.touchline" title="curses.window.touchline"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">touchline()</tt></a> method so that the contents will be redisplayed by the next window refresh. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.clear"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">clear</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.clear" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Like <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.erase" title="curses.window.erase"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">erase()</tt></a>, but also cause the whole window to be repainted upon next call to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.clearok"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">clearok</tt><big>(</big>yes<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.clearok" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If yes is 1, the next call to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a> will clear the window completely. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.clrtobot"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">clrtobot</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.clrtobot" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Erase from cursor to the end of the window: all lines below the cursor are deleted, and then the equivalent of <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.clrtoeol" title="curses.window.clrtoeol"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">clrtoeol()</tt></a> is performed. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.clrtoeol"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">clrtoeol</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.clrtoeol" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Erase from cursor to the end of the line. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.cursyncup"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">cursyncup</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.cursyncup" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Update the current cursor position of all the ancestors of the window to reflect the current cursor position of the window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.delch"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">delch</tt><big>(</big>[y, x]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.delch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Delete any character at <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.deleteln"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">deleteln</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.deleteln" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Delete the line under the cursor. All following lines are moved up by one line. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.derwin"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">derwin</tt><big>(</big>begin_y, begin_x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.derwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">derwin</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols, begin_y, begin_x<big>)</big></dt> <dd>An abbreviation for “derive window”, <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.derwin" title="curses.window.derwin"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">derwin()</tt></a> is the same as calling <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.subwin" title="curses.window.subwin"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">subwin()</tt></a>, except that begin_y and begin_x are relative to the origin of the window, rather than relative to the entire screen. Return a window object for the derived window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.echochar"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">echochar</tt><big>(</big>ch[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.echochar" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Add character ch with attribute attr, and immediately call <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a> on the window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.enclose"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">enclose</tt><big>(</big>y, x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.enclose" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Test whether the given pair of screen-relative character-cell coordinates are enclosed by the given window, returning <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt>. It is useful for determining what subset of the screen windows enclose the location of a mouse event. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.erase"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">erase</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.erase" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Clear the window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.getbegyx"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">getbegyx</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.getbegyx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a tuple <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> of co-ordinates of upper-left corner. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.getbkgd"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">getbkgd</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.getbkgd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the given window’s current background character/attribute pair. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.getch"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">getch</tt><big>(</big>[y, x]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.getch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Get a character. Note that the integer returned does not have to be in ASCII range: function keys, keypad keys and so on return numbers higher than 256. In no-delay mode, -1 is returned if there is no input, else <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.getch" title="curses.window.getch"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">getch()</tt></a> waits until a key is pressed. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.getkey"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">getkey</tt><big>(</big>[y, x]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.getkey" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Get a character, returning a string instead of an integer, as <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.getch" title="curses.window.getch"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">getch()</tt></a> does. Function keys, keypad keys and so on return a multibyte string containing the key name. In no-delay mode, an exception is raised if there is no input. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.getmaxyx"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">getmaxyx</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.getmaxyx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a tuple <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> of the height and width of the window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.getparyx"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">getparyx</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.getparyx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the beginning coordinates of this window relative to its parent window into two integer variables y and x. Return <tt class="docutils literal">-1, -1</tt> if this window has no parent. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.getstr"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">getstr</tt><big>(</big>[y, x]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.getstr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Read a string from the user, with primitive line editing capacity. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.getyx"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">getyx</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.getyx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a tuple <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> of current cursor position relative to the window’s upper-left corner. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.hline"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">hline</tt><big>(</big>ch, n<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.hline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">hline</tt><big>(</big>y, x, ch, n<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Display a horizontal line starting at <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> with length n consisting of the character ch. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.idcok"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">idcok</tt><big>(</big>flag<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.idcok" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If flag is <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt>, curses no longer considers using the hardware insert/delete character feature of the terminal; if flag is <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt>, use of character insertion and deletion is enabled. When curses is first initialized, use of character insert/delete is enabled by default. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.idlok"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">idlok</tt><big>(</big>yes<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.idlok" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If called with yes equal to 1, <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses" title="curses: An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses</tt></a> will try and use hardware line editing facilities. Otherwise, line insertion/deletion are disabled. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.immedok"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">immedok</tt><big>(</big>flag<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.immedok" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If flag is <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt>, any change in the window image automatically causes the window to be refreshed; you no longer have to call <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a> yourself. However, it may degrade performance considerably, due to repeated calls to wrefresh. This option is disabled by default. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.inch"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">inch</tt><big>(</big>[y, x]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.inch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the character at the given position in the window. The bottom 8 bits are the character proper, and upper bits are the attributes. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.insch"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">insch</tt><big>(</big>ch[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.insch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">insch</tt><big>(</big>y, x, ch[, attr]<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Paint character ch at <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> with attributes attr, moving the line from position x right by one character. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.insdelln"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">insdelln</tt><big>(</big>nlines<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.insdelln" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Insert nlines lines into the specified window above the current line. The nlines bottom lines are lost. For negative nlines, delete nlines lines starting with the one under the cursor, and move the remaining lines up. The bottom nlines lines are cleared. The current cursor position remains the same. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.insertln"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">insertln</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.insertln" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Insert a blank line under the cursor. All following lines are moved down by one line. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.insnstr"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">insnstr</tt><big>(</big>str, n[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.insnstr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">insnstr</tt><big>(</big>y, x, str, n[, attr]<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Insert a character string (as many characters as will fit on the line) before the character under the cursor, up to n characters. If n is zero or negative, the entire string is inserted. All characters to the right of the cursor are shifted right, with the rightmost characters on the line being lost. The cursor position does not change (after moving to y, x, if specified). </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.insstr"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">insstr</tt><big>(</big>str[, attr]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.insstr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">insstr</tt><big>(</big>y, x, str[, attr]<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Insert a character string (as many characters as will fit on the line) before the character under the cursor. All characters to the right of the cursor are shifted right, with the rightmost characters on the line being lost. The cursor position does not change (after moving to y, x, if specified). </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.instr"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">instr</tt><big>(</big>[n]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.instr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">instr</tt><big>(</big>y, x[, n]<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Return a string of characters, extracted from the window starting at the current cursor position, or at y, x if specified. Attributes are stripped from the characters. If n is specified, <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.instr" title="curses.window.instr"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">instr()</tt></a> returns a string at most n characters long (exclusive of the trailing NUL). </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.is_linetouched"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">is_linetouched</tt><big>(</big>line<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.is_linetouched" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> if the specified line was modified since the last call to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a>; otherwise return <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt>. Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.error" title="curses.error"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">curses.error</tt></a> exception if line is not valid for the given window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.is_wintouched"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">is_wintouched</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.is_wintouched" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt> if the specified window was modified since the last call to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a>; otherwise return <tt class="docutils literal">False</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.keypad"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">keypad</tt><big>(</big>yes<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.keypad" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If yes is 1, escape sequences generated by some keys (keypad, function keys) will be interpreted by <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses" title="curses: An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses</tt></a>. If yes is 0, escape sequences will be left as is in the input stream. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.leaveok"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">leaveok</tt><big>(</big>yes<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.leaveok" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If yes is 1, cursor is left where it is on update, instead of being at “cursor position.” This reduces cursor movement where possible. If possible the cursor will be made invisible. If yes is 0, cursor will always be at “cursor position” after an update. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.move"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">move</tt><big>(</big>new_y, new_x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.move" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Move cursor to <tt class="docutils literal">(new_y, new_x)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.mvderwin"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">mvderwin</tt><big>(</big>y, x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.mvderwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Move the window inside its parent window. The screen-relative parameters of the window are not changed. This routine is used to display different parts of the parent window at the same physical position on the screen. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.mvwin"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">mvwin</tt><big>(</big>new_y, new_x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.mvwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Move the window so its upper-left corner is at <tt class="docutils literal">(new_y, new_x)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.nodelay"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">nodelay</tt><big>(</big>yes<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.nodelay" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If yes is <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt>, <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.getch" title="curses.window.getch"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">getch()</tt></a> will be non-blocking. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.notimeout"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">notimeout</tt><big>(</big>yes<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.notimeout" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If yes is <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt>, escape sequences will not be timed out. If yes is <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt>, after a few milliseconds, an escape sequence will not be interpreted, and will be left in the input stream as is. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.noutrefresh"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">noutrefresh</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.noutrefresh" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Mark for refresh but wait. This function updates the data structure representing the desired state of the window, but does not force an update of the physical screen. To accomplish that, call <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.doupdate" title="curses.doupdate"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">doupdate()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.overlay"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">overlay</tt><big>(</big>destwin[, sminrow, smincol, dminrow, dmincol, dmaxrow, dmaxcol]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.overlay" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Overlay the window on top of destwin. The windows need not be the same size, only the overlapping region is copied. This copy is non-destructive, which means that the current background character does not overwrite the old contents of destwin. To get fine-grained control over the copied region, the second form of <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.overlay" title="curses.window.overlay"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">overlay()</tt></a> can be used. sminrow and smincol are the upper-left coordinates of the source window, and the other variables mark a rectangle in the destination window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.overwrite"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">overwrite</tt><big>(</big>destwin[, sminrow, smincol, dminrow, dmincol, dmaxrow, dmaxcol]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.overwrite" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Overwrite the window on top of destwin. The windows need not be the same size, in which case only the overlapping region is copied. This copy is destructive, which means that the current background character overwrites the old contents of destwin. To get fine-grained control over the copied region, the second form of <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.overwrite" title="curses.window.overwrite"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">overwrite()</tt></a> can be used. sminrow and smincol are the upper-left coordinates of the source window, the other variables mark a rectangle in the destination window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.putwin"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">putwin</tt><big>(</big>file<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.putwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Write all data associated with the window into the provided file object. This information can be later retrieved using the <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.getwin" title="curses.getwin"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">getwin()</tt></a> function. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.redrawln"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">redrawln</tt><big>(</big>beg, num<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.redrawln" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Indicate that the num screen lines, starting at line beg, are corrupted and should be completely redrawn on the next <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a> call. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.redrawwin"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">redrawwin</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.redrawwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Touch the entire window, causing it to be completely redrawn on the next <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a> call. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.refresh"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">refresh</tt><big>(</big>[pminrow, pmincol, sminrow, smincol, smaxrow, smaxcol]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Update the display immediately (sync actual screen with previous drawing/deleting methods). The 6 optional arguments can only be specified when the window is a pad created with <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.newpad" title="curses.newpad"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">newpad()</tt></a>. The additional parameters are needed to indicate what part of the pad and screen are involved. pminrow and pmincol specify the upper left-hand corner of the rectangle to be displayed in the pad. sminrow, smincol, smaxrow, and smaxcol specify the edges of the rectangle to be displayed on the screen. The lower right-hand corner of the rectangle to be displayed in the pad is calculated from the screen coordinates, since the rectangles must be the same size. Both rectangles must be entirely contained within their respective structures. Negative values of pminrow, pmincol, sminrow, or smincol are treated as if they were zero. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.resize"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">resize</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.resize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Reallocate storage for a curses window to adjust its dimensions to the specified values. If either dimension is larger than the current values, the window’s data is filled with blanks that have the current background rendition (as set by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.bkgdset" title="curses.window.bkgdset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">bkgdset()</tt></a>) merged into them. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.scroll"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">scroll</tt><big>(</big>[lines=1]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.scroll" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Scroll the screen or scrolling region upward by lines lines. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.scrollok"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">scrollok</tt><big>(</big>flag<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.scrollok" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Control what happens when the cursor of a window is moved off the edge of the window or scrolling region, either as a result of a newline action on the bottom line, or typing the last character of the last line. If flag is false, the cursor is left on the bottom line. If flag is true, the window is scrolled up one line. Note that in order to get the physical scrolling effect on the terminal, it is also necessary to call <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.idlok" title="curses.window.idlok"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">idlok()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.setscrreg"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">setscrreg</tt><big>(</big>top, bottom<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.setscrreg" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set the scrolling region from line top to line bottom. All scrolling actions will take place in this region. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.standend"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">standend</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.standend" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Turn off the standout attribute. On some terminals this has the side effect of turning off all attributes. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.standout"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">standout</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.standout" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Turn on attribute A_STANDOUT. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.subpad"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">subpad</tt><big>(</big>begin_y, begin_x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.subpad" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">subpad</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols, begin_y, begin_x<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Return a sub-window, whose upper-left corner is at <tt class="docutils literal">(begin_y, begin_x)</tt>, and whose width/height is ncols/nlines. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.subwin"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">subwin</tt><big>(</big>begin_y, begin_x<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.subwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">subwin</tt><big>(</big>nlines, ncols, begin_y, begin_x<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Return a sub-window, whose upper-left corner is at <tt class="docutils literal">(begin_y, begin_x)</tt>, and whose width/height is ncols/nlines. By default, the sub-window will extend from the specified position to the lower right corner of the window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.syncdown"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">syncdown</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.syncdown" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Touch each location in the window that has been touched in any of its ancestor windows. This routine is called by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a>, so it should almost never be necessary to call it manually. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.syncok"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">syncok</tt><big>(</big>flag<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.syncok" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If called with flag set to <tt class="docutils literal">True</tt>, then <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.syncup" title="curses.window.syncup"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">syncup()</tt></a> is called automatically whenever there is a change in the window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.syncup"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">syncup</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.syncup" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Touch all locations in ancestors of the window that have been changed in the window. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.timeout"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">timeout</tt><big>(</big>delay<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.timeout" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Set blocking or non-blocking read behavior for the window. If delay is negative, blocking read is used (which will wait indefinitely for input). If delay is zero, then non-blocking read is used, and -1 will be returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.getch" title="curses.window.getch"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">getch()</tt></a> if no input is waiting. If delay is positive, then <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.getch" title="curses.window.getch"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">getch()</tt></a> will block for delay milliseconds, and return -1 if there is still no input at the end of that time. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.touchline"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">touchline</tt><big>(</big>start, count[, changed]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.touchline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Pretend count lines have been changed, starting with line start. If changed is supplied, it specifies whether the affected lines are marked as having been changed (changed=1) or unchanged (changed=0). </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.touchwin"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">touchwin</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.touchwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Pretend the whole window has been changed, for purposes of drawing optimizations. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.untouchwin"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">untouchwin</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.untouchwin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Mark all lines in the window as unchanged since the last call to <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.window.refresh" title="curses.window.refresh"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">refresh()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.window.vline"> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">vline</tt><big>(</big>ch, n<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.window.vline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt> <tt class="descclassname">window.</tt><tt class="descname">vline</tt><big>(</big>y, x, ch, n<big>)</big></dt> <dd>Display a vertical line starting at <tt class="docutils literal">(y, x)</tt> with length n consisting of the character ch. </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="constants"> <h2>15.11.3. Constants<a class="headerlink" href="#constants" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses" title="curses: An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses</tt></a> module defines the following data members: <dl class="data"> <dt id="curses.ERR"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">ERR</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.ERR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Some curses routines that return an integer, such as <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">getch()</tt>, return <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.ERR" title="curses.ERR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">ERR</tt></a> upon failure. </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="curses.OK"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">OK</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.OK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Some curses routines that return an integer, such as <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.napms" title="curses.napms"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">napms()</tt></a>, return <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.OK" title="curses.OK"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">OK</tt></a> upon success. </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="curses.version"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.</tt><tt class="descname">version</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>A string representing the current version of the module. Also available as <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">__version__</tt>. </dd></dl> Several constants are available to specify character cell attributes: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="37%" /> <col width="63%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Attribute</th> <th class="head">Meaning</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">A_ALTCHARSET</tt></td> <td>Alternate character set mode.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">A_BLINK</tt></td> <td>Blink mode.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">A_BOLD</tt></td> <td>Bold mode.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">A_DIM</tt></td> <td>Dim mode.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">A_NORMAL</tt></td> <td>Normal attribute.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">A_REVERSE</tt></td> <td>Reverse background and foreground colors.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">A_STANDOUT</tt></td> <td>Standout mode.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">A_UNDERLINE</tt></td> <td>Underline mode.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Keys are referred to by integer constants with names starting with <tt class="docutils literal">KEY_</tt>. The exact keycaps available are system dependent. <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="30%" /> <col width="70%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Key constant</th> <th class="head">Key</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_MIN</tt></td> <td>Minimum key value</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_BREAK</tt></td> <td>Break key (unreliable)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_DOWN</tt></td> <td>Down-arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_UP</tt></td> <td>Up-arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_LEFT</tt></td> <td>Left-arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_RIGHT</tt></td> <td>Right-arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_HOME</tt></td> <td>Home key (upward+left arrow)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_BACKSPACE</tt></td> <td>Backspace (unreliable)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_F0</tt></td> <td>Function keys. Up to 64 function keys are supported.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_Fn</tt></td> <td>Value of function key n</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_DL</tt></td> <td>Delete line</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_IL</tt></td> <td>Insert line</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_DC</tt></td> <td>Delete character</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_IC</tt></td> <td>Insert char or enter insert mode</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_EIC</tt></td> <td>Exit insert char mode</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_CLEAR</tt></td> <td>Clear screen</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_EOS</tt></td> <td>Clear to end of screen</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_EOL</tt></td> <td>Clear to end of line</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SF</tt></td> <td>Scroll 1 line forward</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SR</tt></td> <td>Scroll 1 line backward (reverse)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_NPAGE</tt></td> <td>Next page</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_PPAGE</tt></td> <td>Previous page</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_STAB</tt></td> <td>Set tab</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_CTAB</tt></td> <td>Clear tab</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_CATAB</tt></td> <td>Clear all tabs</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_ENTER</tt></td> <td>Enter or send (unreliable)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SRESET</tt></td> <td>Soft (partial) reset (unreliable)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_RESET</tt></td> <td>Reset or hard reset (unreliable)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_PRINT</tt></td> <td>Print</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_LL</tt></td> <td>Home down or bottom (lower left)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_A1</tt></td> <td>Upper left of keypad</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_A3</tt></td> <td>Upper right of keypad</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_B2</tt></td> <td>Center of keypad</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_C1</tt></td> <td>Lower left of keypad</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_C3</tt></td> <td>Lower right of keypad</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_BTAB</tt></td> <td>Back tab</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_BEG</tt></td> <td>Beg (beginning)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_CANCEL</tt></td> <td>Cancel</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_CLOSE</tt></td> <td>Close</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_COMMAND</tt></td> <td>Cmd (command)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_COPY</tt></td> <td>Copy</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_CREATE</tt></td> <td>Create</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_END</tt></td> <td>End</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_EXIT</tt></td> <td>Exit</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_FIND</tt></td> <td>Find</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_HELP</tt></td> <td>Help</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_MARK</tt></td> <td>Mark</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_MESSAGE</tt></td> <td>Message</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_MOVE</tt></td> <td>Move</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_NEXT</tt></td> <td>Next</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_OPEN</tt></td> <td>Open</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_OPTIONS</tt></td> <td>Options</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_PREVIOUS</tt></td> <td>Prev (previous)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_REDO</tt></td> <td>Redo</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_REFERENCE</tt></td> <td>Ref (reference)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_REFRESH</tt></td> <td>Refresh</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_REPLACE</tt></td> <td>Replace</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_RESTART</tt></td> <td>Restart</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_RESUME</tt></td> <td>Resume</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SAVE</tt></td> <td>Save</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SBEG</tt></td> <td>Shifted Beg (beginning)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SCANCEL</tt></td> <td>Shifted Cancel</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SCOMMAND</tt></td> <td>Shifted Command</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SCOPY</tt></td> <td>Shifted Copy</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SCREATE</tt></td> <td>Shifted Create</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SDC</tt></td> <td>Shifted Delete char</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SDL</tt></td> <td>Shifted Delete line</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SELECT</tt></td> <td>Select</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SEND</tt></td> <td>Shifted End</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SEOL</tt></td> <td>Shifted Clear line</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SEXIT</tt></td> <td>Shifted Dxit</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SFIND</tt></td> <td>Shifted Find</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SHELP</tt></td> <td>Shifted Help</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SHOME</tt></td> <td>Shifted Home</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SIC</tt></td> <td>Shifted Input</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SLEFT</tt></td> <td>Shifted Left arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SMESSAGE</tt></td> <td>Shifted Message</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SMOVE</tt></td> <td>Shifted Move</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SNEXT</tt></td> <td>Shifted Next</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SOPTIONS</tt></td> <td>Shifted Options</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SPREVIOUS</tt></td> <td>Shifted Prev</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SPRINT</tt></td> <td>Shifted Print</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SREDO</tt></td> <td>Shifted Redo</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SREPLACE</tt></td> <td>Shifted Replace</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SRIGHT</tt></td> <td>Shifted Right arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SRSUME</tt></td> <td>Shifted Resume</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SSAVE</tt></td> <td>Shifted Save</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SSUSPEND</tt></td> <td>Shifted Suspend</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SUNDO</tt></td> <td>Shifted Undo</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_SUSPEND</tt></td> <td>Suspend</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_UNDO</tt></td> <td>Undo</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_MOUSE</tt></td> <td>Mouse event has occurred</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_RESIZE</tt></td> <td>Terminal resize event</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">KEY_MAX</tt></td> <td>Maximum key value</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> On VT100s and their software emulations, such as X terminal emulators, there are normally at least four function keys (<tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_F1</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_F2</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_F3</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_F4</tt>) available, and the arrow keys mapped to <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_UP</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_DOWN</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_LEFT</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_RIGHT</tt> in the obvious way. If your machine has a PC keyboard, it is safe to expect arrow keys and twelve function keys (older PC keyboards may have only ten function keys); also, the following keypad mappings are standard: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="62%" /> <col width="38%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Keycap</th> <th class="head">Constant</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Insert</tt></td> <td>KEY_IC</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Delete</tt></td> <td>KEY_DC</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Home</tt></td> <td>KEY_HOME</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">End</tt></td> <td>KEY_END</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Page Up</tt></td> <td>KEY_NPAGE</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Page Down</tt></td> <td>KEY_PPAGE</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The following table lists characters from the alternate character set. These are inherited from the VT100 terminal, and will generally be available on software emulations such as X terminals. When there is no graphic available, curses falls back on a crude printable ASCII approximation. <div class="admonition note"> Note These are available only after <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.initscr" title="curses.initscr"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">initscr()</tt></a> has been called. </div> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="30%" /> <col width="70%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">ACS code</th> <th class="head">Meaning</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_BBSS</tt></td> <td>alternate name for upper right corner</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_BLOCK</tt></td> <td>solid square block</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_BOARD</tt></td> <td>board of squares</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_BSBS</tt></td> <td>alternate name for horizontal line</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_BSSB</tt></td> <td>alternate name for upper left corner</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_BSSS</tt></td> <td>alternate name for top tee</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_BTEE</tt></td> <td>bottom tee</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_BULLET</tt></td> <td>bullet</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_CKBOARD</tt></td> <td>checker board (stipple)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_DARROW</tt></td> <td>arrow pointing down</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_DEGREE</tt></td> <td>degree symbol</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_DIAMOND</tt></td> <td>diamond</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_GEQUAL</tt></td> <td>greater-than-or-equal-to</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_HLINE</tt></td> <td>horizontal line</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_LANTERN</tt></td> <td>lantern symbol</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_LARROW</tt></td> <td>left arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_LEQUAL</tt></td> <td>less-than-or-equal-to</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_LLCORNER</tt></td> <td>lower left-hand corner</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_LRCORNER</tt></td> <td>lower right-hand corner</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_LTEE</tt></td> <td>left tee</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_NEQUAL</tt></td> <td>not-equal sign</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_PI</tt></td> <td>letter pi</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_PLMINUS</tt></td> <td>plus-or-minus sign</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_PLUS</tt></td> <td>big plus sign</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_RARROW</tt></td> <td>right arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_RTEE</tt></td> <td>right tee</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_S1</tt></td> <td>scan line 1</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_S3</tt></td> <td>scan line 3</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_S7</tt></td> <td>scan line 7</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_S9</tt></td> <td>scan line 9</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_SBBS</tt></td> <td>alternate name for lower right corner</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_SBSB</tt></td> <td>alternate name for vertical line</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_SBSS</tt></td> <td>alternate name for right tee</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_SSBB</tt></td> <td>alternate name for lower left corner</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_SSBS</tt></td> <td>alternate name for bottom tee</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_SSSB</tt></td> <td>alternate name for left tee</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_SSSS</tt></td> <td>alternate name for crossover or big plus</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_STERLING</tt></td> <td>pound sterling</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_TTEE</tt></td> <td>top tee</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_UARROW</tt></td> <td>up arrow</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_ULCORNER</tt></td> <td>upper left corner</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_URCORNER</tt></td> <td>upper right corner</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">ACS_VLINE</tt></td> <td>vertical line</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The following table lists the predefined colors: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="40%" /> <col width="60%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Constant</th> <th class="head">Color</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_BLACK</tt></td> <td>Black</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_BLUE</tt></td> <td>Blue</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_CYAN</tt></td> <td>Cyan (light greenish blue)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_GREEN</tt></td> <td>Green</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_MAGENTA</tt></td> <td>Magenta (purplish red)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_RED</tt></td> <td>Red</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_WHITE</tt></td> <td>White</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">COLOR_YELLOW</tt></td> <td>Yellow</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="module-curses.textpad"> <h1>15.12. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.textpad" title="curses.textpad: Emacs-like input editing in a curses window."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses.textpad</tt></a> — Text input widget for curses programs<a class="headerlink" href="#module-curses.textpad" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> New in version 1.6. The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.textpad" title="curses.textpad: Emacs-like input editing in a curses window."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses.textpad</tt></a> module provides a <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox" title="curses.textpad.Textbox"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Textbox</tt></a> class that handles elementary text editing in a curses window, supporting a set of keybindings resembling those of Emacs (thus, also of Netscape Navigator, BBedit 6.x, FrameMaker, and many other programs). The module also provides a rectangle-drawing function useful for framing text boxes or for other purposes. The module <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.textpad" title="curses.textpad: Emacs-like input editing in a curses window."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">curses.textpad</tt></a> defines the following function: <dl class="function"> <dt id="curses.textpad.rectangle"> <tt class="descclassname">curses.textpad.</tt><tt class="descname">rectangle</tt><big>(</big>win, uly, ulx, lry, lrx<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.textpad.rectangle" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Draw a rectangle. The first argument must be a window object; the remaining arguments are coordinates relative to that window. The second and third arguments are the y and x coordinates of the upper left hand corner of the rectangle to be drawn; the fourth and fifth arguments are the y and x coordinates of the lower right hand corner. The rectangle will be drawn using VT100/IBM PC forms characters on terminals that make this possible (including xterm and most other software terminal emulators). Otherwise it will be drawn with ASCII dashes, vertical bars, and plus signs. </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="textbox-objects"> <h2>15.12.1. Textbox objects<a class="headerlink" href="#textbox-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> You can instantiate a <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox" title="curses.textpad.Textbox"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Textbox</tt></a> object as follows: <dl class="class"> <dt id="curses.textpad.Textbox"> class <tt class="descclassname">curses.textpad.</tt><tt class="descname">Textbox</tt><big>(</big>win<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a textbox widget object. The win argument should be a curses <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">WindowObject</tt> in which the textbox is to be contained. The edit cursor of the textbox is initially located at the upper left hand corner of the containing window, with coordinates <tt class="docutils literal">(0, 0)</tt>. The instance’s <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox.stripspaces" title="curses.textpad.Textbox.stripspaces"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">stripspaces</tt></a> flag is initially on. <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox" title="curses.textpad.Textbox"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">Textbox</tt></a> objects have the following methods: <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.textpad.Textbox.edit"> <tt class="descname">edit</tt><big>(</big>[validator]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox.edit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is the entry point you will normally use. It accepts editing keystrokes until one of the termination keystrokes is entered. If validator is supplied, it must be a function. It will be called for each keystroke entered with the keystroke as a parameter; command dispatch is done on the result. This method returns the window contents as a string; whether blanks in the window are included is affected by the <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox.stripspaces" title="curses.textpad.Textbox.stripspaces"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">stripspaces</tt></a> attribute. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.textpad.Textbox.do_command"> <tt class="descname">do_command</tt><big>(</big>ch<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox.do_command" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Process a single command keystroke. Here are the supported special keystrokes: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="30%" /> <col width="70%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Keystroke</th> <th class="head">Action</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-A</tt></td> <td>Go to left edge of window.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-B</tt></td> <td>Cursor left, wrapping to previous line if appropriate.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-D</tt></td> <td>Delete character under cursor.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-E</tt></td> <td>Go to right edge (stripspaces off) or end of line (stripspaces on).</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-F</tt></td> <td>Cursor right, wrapping to next line when appropriate.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-G</tt></td> <td>Terminate, returning the window contents.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-H</tt></td> <td>Delete character backward.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-J</tt></td> <td>Terminate if the window is 1 line, otherwise insert newline.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-K</tt></td> <td>If line is blank, delete it, otherwise clear to end of line.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-L</tt></td> <td>Refresh screen.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-N</tt></td> <td>Cursor down; move down one line.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-O</tt></td> <td>Insert a blank line at cursor location.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-P</tt></td> <td>Cursor up; move up one line.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Move operations do nothing if the cursor is at an edge where the movement is not possible. The following synonyms are supported where possible: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="57%" /> <col width="43%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Constant</th> <th class="head">Keystroke</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_LEFT</tt></td> <td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-B</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_RIGHT</tt></td> <td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-F</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_UP</tt></td> <td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-P</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_DOWN</tt></td> <td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-N</tt></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">KEY_BACKSPACE</tt></td> <td><tt class="kbd docutils literal">Control-h</tt></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> All other keystrokes are treated as a command to insert the given character and move right (with line wrapping). </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="curses.textpad.Textbox.gather"> <tt class="descname">gather</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox.gather" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the window contents as a string; whether blanks in the window are included is affected by the <a class="reference internal" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox.stripspaces" title="curses.textpad.Textbox.stripspaces"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">stripspaces</tt></a> member. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="curses.textpad.Textbox.stripspaces"> <tt class="descname">stripspaces</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#curses.textpad.Textbox.stripspaces" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This attribute is a flag which controls the interpretation of blanks in the window. When it is on, trailing blanks on each line are ignored; any cursor motion that would land the cursor on a trailing blank goes to the end of that line instead, and trailing blanks are stripped when the window contents are gathered. </dd></dl> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">15.11. <tt class="docutils literal">curses</tt> — Terminal handling for character-cell displays</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#functions">15.11.1. Functions</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#window-objects">15.11.2. Window Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#constants">15.11.3. Constants</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.textpad">15.12. <tt class="docutils literal">curses.textpad</tt> — Text input widget for curses programs</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#textbox-objects">15.12.1. Textbox objects</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <a href="getpass.html" title="previous chapter">15.10. <tt class="docutils literal">getpass</tt> — Portable password input</a> <h4>Next topic</h4> <a href="curses.ascii.html" title="next chapter">15.13. <tt class="docutils literal">curses.ascii</tt> — Utilities for ASCII characters</a> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/curses.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="curses.ascii.html" title="15.13. curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="getpass.html" title="15.10. getpass — Portable password input" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="allos.html" >15. Generic Operating System Services</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2019, Python Software Foundation. The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="http://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> Last updated on Jul 03, 2019. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.1.3. </div> </body> </html>

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