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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>8.1. datetime — Basic date and time types — Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="8. 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Data Types" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> » </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li><a href="datatypes.html" accesskey="U">8. Data Types</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-datetime"> <h1>8.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> — Basic date and time types<a class="headerlink" href="#module-datetime" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> New in version 2.3. The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> module supplies classes for manipulating dates and times in both simple and complex ways. While date and time arithmetic is supported, the focus of the implementation is on efficient attribute extraction for output formatting and manipulation. For related functionality, see also the <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">time</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">calendar</tt></a> modules. There are two kinds of date and time objects: “naive” and “aware”. An aware object has sufficient knowledge of applicable algorithmic and political time adjustments, such as time zone and daylight saving time information, to locate itself relative to other aware objects. An aware object is used to represent a specific moment in time that is not open to interpretation <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id2" id="id1">[1]</a>. A naive object does not contain enough information to unambiguously locate itself relative to other date/time objects. Whether a naive object represents Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), local time, or time in some other timezone is purely up to the program, just like it’s up to the program whether a particular number represents metres, miles, or mass. Naive objects are easy to understand and to work with, at the cost of ignoring some aspects of reality. For applications requiring aware objects, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> objects have an optional time zone information attribute, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a>, that can be set to an instance of a subclass of the abstract <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> class. These <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> objects capture information about the offset from UTC time, the time zone name, and whether Daylight Saving Time is in effect. Note that no concrete <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> classes are supplied by the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> module. Supporting timezones at whatever level of detail is required is up to the application. The rules for time adjustment across the world are more political than rational, and there is no standard suitable for every application. The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> module exports the following constants: <dl class="data"> <dt id="datetime.MINYEAR"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">MINYEAR</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The smallest year number allowed in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MINYEAR</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="datetime.MAXYEAR"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">MAXYEAR</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The largest year number allowed in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MAXYEAR</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">9999</tt>. </dd></dl> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> See also <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html#module-calendar" title="calendar: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">calendar</tt></a></dt> <dd>General calendar related functions.</dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">time</tt></a></dt> <dd>Time access and conversions.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="available-types"> <h2>8.1.1. Available Types<a class="headerlink" href="#available-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="class"> <dt> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">date</tt></dt> <dd>An idealized naive date, assuming the current Gregorian calendar always was, and always will be, in effect. Attributes: <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">year</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">month</tt>, and <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">day</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">time</tt></dt> <dd>An idealized time, independent of any particular day, assuming that every day has exactly 24*60*60 seconds (there is no notion of “leap seconds” here). Attributes: <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">hour</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">minute</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">second</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">microsecond</tt>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">datetime</tt></dt> <dd>A combination of a date and a time. Attributes: <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">year</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">month</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">day</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">hour</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">minute</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">second</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">microsecond</tt>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">timedelta</tt></dt> <dd>A duration expressing the difference between two <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a>, or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> instances to microsecond resolution. </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="datetime.tzinfo"> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">tzinfo</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>An abstract base class for time zone information objects. These are used by the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> classes to provide a customizable notion of time adjustment (for example, to account for time zone and/or daylight saving time). </dd></dl> Objects of these types are immutable. Objects of the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> type are always naive. An object of type <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> may be naive or aware. A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object d is aware if <tt class="docutils literal">d.tzinfo</tt> is not <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d)</tt> does not return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. If <tt class="docutils literal">d.tzinfo</tt> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, or if <tt class="docutils literal">d.tzinfo</tt> is not <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> but <tt class="docutils literal">d.tzinfo.utcoffset(d)</tt> returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, d is naive. A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object t is aware if <tt class="docutils literal">t.tzinfo</tt> is not <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">t.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)</tt> does not return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. Otherwise, t is naive. The distinction between naive and aware doesn’t apply to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> objects. Subclass relationships: <div class="highlight-python"><pre>object timedelta tzinfo time date datetime</pre> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="timedelta-objects"> <h2>8.1.2. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#timedelta-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object represents a duration, the difference between two dates or times. <dl class="class"> <dt id="datetime.timedelta"> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">timedelta</tt><big>(</big>[days[, seconds[, microseconds[, milliseconds[, minutes[, hours[, weeks]]]]]]]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>All arguments are optional and default to <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt>. Arguments may be ints, longs, or floats, and may be positive or negative. Only days, seconds and microseconds are stored internally. Arguments are converted to those units: <ul class="simple"> <li>A millisecond is converted to 1000 microseconds.</li> <li>A minute is converted to 60 seconds.</li> <li>An hour is converted to 3600 seconds.</li> <li>A week is converted to 7 days.</li> </ul> and days, seconds and microseconds are then normalized so that the representation is unique, with <ul class="simple"> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= microseconds < 1000000</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= seconds < 3600*24</tt> (the number of seconds in one day)</li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">-999999999 <= days <= 999999999</tt></li> </ul> If any argument is a float and there are fractional microseconds, the fractional microseconds left over from all arguments are combined and their sum is rounded to the nearest microsecond. If no argument is a float, the conversion and normalization processes are exact (no information is lost). If the normalized value of days lies outside the indicated range, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.OverflowError" title="exceptions.OverflowError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">OverflowError</tt></a> is raised. Note that normalization of negative values may be surprising at first. For example, <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> from datetime import timedelta >>> d = timedelta(microseconds=-1) >>> (d.days, d.seconds, d.microseconds) (-1, 86399, 999999) </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> Class attributes are: <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.timedelta.min"> <tt class="descclassname">timedelta.</tt><tt class="descname">min</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.min" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The most negative <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object, <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(-999999999)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.timedelta.max"> <tt class="descclassname">timedelta.</tt><tt class="descname">max</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.max" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The most positive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object, <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(days=999999999, hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59, microseconds=999999)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.timedelta.resolution"> <tt class="descclassname">timedelta.</tt><tt class="descname">resolution</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.resolution" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The smallest possible difference between non-equal <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> objects, <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(microseconds=1)</tt>. </dd></dl> Note that, because of normalization, <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.max</tt> > <tt class="docutils literal">-timedelta.min</tt>. <tt class="docutils literal">-timedelta.max</tt> is not representable as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object. Instance attributes (read-only): <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="29%" /> <col width="71%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Attribute</th> <th class="head">Value</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">days</tt></td> <td>Between -999999999 and 999999999 inclusive</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">seconds</tt></td> <td>Between 0 and 86399 inclusive</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">microseconds</tt></td> <td>Between 0 and 999999 inclusive</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Supported operations: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="41%" /> <col width="59%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Operation</th> <th class="head">Result</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">t1 = t2 + t3</tt></td> <td>Sum of t2 and t3. Afterwards t1-t2 == t3 and t1-t3 == t2 are true. (1)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">t1 = t2 - t3</tt></td> <td>Difference of t2 and t3. Afterwards t1 == t2 - t3 and t2 == t1 + t3 are true. (1)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">t1 = t2 * i or t1 = i * t2</tt></td> <td>Delta multiplied by an integer or long. Afterwards t1 // i == t2 is true, provided <tt class="docutils literal">i != 0</tt>.</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td> </td> <td>In general, t1 * i == t1 * (i-1) + t1 is true. (1)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">t1 = t2 // i</tt></td> <td>The floor is computed and the remainder (if any) is thrown away. (3)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">+t1</tt></td> <td>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object with the same value. (2)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">-t1</tt></td> <td>equivalent to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a>(-t1.days, -t1.seconds, -t1.microseconds), and to t1* -1. (1)(4)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">abs(t)</tt></td> <td>equivalent to +t when <tt class="docutils literal">t.days >= 0</tt>, and to -t when <tt class="docutils literal">t.days < 0</tt>. (2)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">str(t)</tt></td> <td>Returns a string in the form <tt class="docutils literal">[D day[s], ][H]H:MM:SS[.UUUUUU]</tt>, where D is negative for negative <tt class="docutils literal">t</tt>. (5)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">repr(t)</tt></td> <td>Returns a string in the form <tt class="docutils literal">datetime.timedelta(D[, S[, U]])</tt>, where D is negative for negative <tt class="docutils literal">t</tt>. (5)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Notes: <ol class="arabic"> <li>This is exact, but may overflow. </li> <li>This is exact, and cannot overflow. </li> <li>Division by 0 raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ZeroDivisionError" title="exceptions.ZeroDivisionError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ZeroDivisionError</tt></a>. </li> <li>-timedelta.max is not representable as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object. </li> <li>String representations of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> objects are normalized similarly to their internal representation. This leads to somewhat unusual results for negative timedeltas. For example: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> timedelta(hours=-5) datetime.timedelta(-1, 68400) >>> print(_) -1 day, 19:00:00 </pre></div> </div> </li> </ol> In addition to the operations listed above <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> objects support certain additions and subtractions with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> objects (see below). Comparisons of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> objects are supported with the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object representing the smaller duration considered to be the smaller timedelta. In order to stop mixed-type comparisons from falling back to the default comparison by object address, when a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object is compared to an object of a different type, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> is raised unless the comparison is <tt class="docutils literal">==</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">!=</tt>. The latter cases return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">False</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">True</tt></a>, respectively. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> objects are <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-hashable">hashable</a> (usable as dictionary keys), support efficient pickling, and in Boolean contexts, a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object is considered to be true if and only if it isn’t equal to <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(0)</tt>. Instance methods: <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.timedelta.total_seconds"> <tt class="descclassname">timedelta.</tt><tt class="descname">total_seconds</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.timedelta.total_seconds" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the total number of seconds contained in the duration. Equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">(td.microseconds + (td.seconds + td.days * 24 * 3600) * 10**6) / 10**6</tt> computed with true division enabled. Note that for very large time intervals (greater than 270 years on most platforms) this method will lose microsecond accuracy. New in version 2.7. </dd></dl> Example usage: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> from datetime import timedelta >>> year = timedelta(days=365) >>> another_year = timedelta(weeks=40, days=84, hours=23, ... minutes=50, seconds=600) # adds up to 365 days >>> year.total_seconds() 31536000.0 >>> year == another_year True >>> ten_years = 10 * year >>> ten_years, ten_years.days // 365 (datetime.timedelta(3650), 10) >>> nine_years = ten_years - year >>> nine_years, nine_years.days // 365 (datetime.timedelta(3285), 9) >>> three_years = nine_years // 3; >>> three_years, three_years.days // 365 (datetime.timedelta(1095), 3) >>> abs(three_years - ten_years) == 2 * three_years + year True </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="date-objects"> <h2>8.1.3. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#date-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object represents a date (year, month and day) in an idealized calendar, the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended in both directions. January 1 of year 1 is called day number 1, January 2 of year 1 is called day number 2, and so on. This matches the definition of the “proleptic Gregorian” calendar in Dershowitz and Reingold’s book Calendrical Calculations, where it’s the base calendar for all computations. See the book for algorithms for converting between proleptic Gregorian ordinals and many other calendar systems. <dl class="class"> <dt id="datetime.date"> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">date</tt><big>(</big>year, month, day<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>All arguments are required. Arguments may be ints or longs, in the following ranges: <ul class="simple"> <li><tt class="docutils literal">MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">1 <= month <= 12</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">1 <= day <= number of days in the given month and year</tt></li> </ul> If an argument outside those ranges is given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a> is raised. </dd></dl> Other constructors, all class methods: <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.date.today"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">today</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.today" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the current local date. This is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">date.fromtimestamp(time.time())</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.date.fromtimestamp"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">fromtimestamp</tt><big>(</big>timestamp<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromtimestamp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the local date corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as is returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">time.time()</tt></a>. This may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a>, if the timestamp is out of the range of values supported by the platform C <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal">localtime()</tt> function. It’s common for this to be restricted to years from 1970 through 2038. Note that on non-POSIX systems that include leap seconds in their notion of a timestamp, leap seconds are ignored by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.date.fromtimestamp"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromtimestamp()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.date.fromordinal"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">fromordinal</tt><big>(</big>ordinal<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.fromordinal" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the date corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian ordinal, where January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a> is raised unless <tt class="docutils literal">1 <= ordinal <= date.max.toordinal()</tt>. For any date d, <tt class="docutils literal">date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d</tt>. </dd></dl> Class attributes: <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.date.min"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">min</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.min" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The earliest representable date, <tt class="docutils literal">date(MINYEAR, 1, 1)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.date.max"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">max</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.max" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The latest representable date, <tt class="docutils literal">date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.date.resolution"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">resolution</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.resolution" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The smallest possible difference between non-equal date objects, <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(days=1)</tt>. </dd></dl> Instance attributes (read-only): <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.date.year"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">year</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.year" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Between <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MINYEAR</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MAXYEAR</tt></a> inclusive. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.date.month"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">month</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.month" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Between 1 and 12 inclusive. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.date.day"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">day</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.day" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Between 1 and the number of days in the given month of the given year. </dd></dl> Supported operations: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="40%" /> <col width="60%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Operation</th> <th class="head">Result</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">date2 = date1 + timedelta</tt></td> <td>date2 is <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.days</tt> days removed from date1. (1)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">date2 = date1 - timedelta</tt></td> <td>Computes date2 such that <tt class="docutils literal">date2 + timedelta == date1</tt>. (2)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">timedelta = date1 - date2</tt></td> <td>(3)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">date1 < date2</tt></td> <td>date1 is considered less than date2 when date1 precedes date2 in time. (4)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Notes: <ol class="arabic simple"> <li>date2 is moved forward in time if <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.days > 0</tt>, or backward if <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.days < 0</tt>. Afterward <tt class="docutils literal">date2 - date1 == timedelta.days</tt>. <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.seconds</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.microseconds</tt> are ignored. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.OverflowError" title="exceptions.OverflowError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">OverflowError</tt></a> is raised if <tt class="docutils literal">date2.year</tt> would be smaller than <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MINYEAR</tt></a> or larger than <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MAXYEAR</tt></a>.</li> <li>This isn’t quite equivalent to date1 + (-timedelta), because -timedelta in isolation can overflow in cases where date1 - timedelta does not. <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.seconds</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.microseconds</tt> are ignored.</li> <li>This is exact, and cannot overflow. timedelta.seconds and timedelta.microseconds are 0, and date2 + timedelta == date1 after.</li> <li>In other words, <tt class="docutils literal">date1 < date2</tt> if and only if <tt class="docutils literal">date1.toordinal() < date2.toordinal()</tt>. In order to stop comparison from falling back to the default scheme of comparing object addresses, date comparison normally raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> if the other comparand isn’t also a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object. However, <tt class="docutils literal">NotImplemented</tt> is returned instead if the other comparand has a <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">timetuple()</tt> attribute. This hook gives other kinds of date objects a chance at implementing mixed-type comparison. If not, when a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object is compared to an object of a different type, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> is raised unless the comparison is <tt class="docutils literal">==</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">!=</tt>. The latter cases return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">False</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">True</tt></a>, respectively.</li> </ol> Dates can be used as dictionary keys. In Boolean contexts, all <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> objects are considered to be true. Instance methods: <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.replace"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">replace</tt><big>(</big>year, month, day<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.replace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a date with the same value, except for those parameters given new values by whichever keyword arguments are specified. For example, if <tt class="docutils literal">d == date(2002, 12, 31)</tt>, then <tt class="docutils literal">d.replace(day=26) == date(2002, 12, 26)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.timetuple"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">timetuple</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.timetuple" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time.struct_time</tt></a> such as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">time.localtime()</tt></a>. The hours, minutes and seconds are 0, and the DST flag is -1. <tt class="docutils literal">d.timetuple()</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">time.struct_time((d.year, d.month, d.day, 0, 0, 0, d.weekday(), yday, -1))</tt>, where <tt class="docutils literal">yday = d.toordinal() - date(d.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1</tt> is the day number within the current year starting with <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt> for January 1st. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.toordinal"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">toordinal</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.toordinal" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date, where January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1. For any <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object d, <tt class="docutils literal">date.fromordinal(d.toordinal()) == d</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.weekday"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">weekday</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.weekday" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6. For example, <tt class="docutils literal">date(2002, 12, 4).weekday() == 2</tt>, a Wednesday. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isoweekday" title="datetime.date.isoweekday"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">isoweekday()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.isoweekday"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">isoweekday</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.isoweekday" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7. For example, <tt class="docutils literal">date(2002, 12, 4).isoweekday() == 3</tt>, a Wednesday. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.weekday" title="datetime.date.weekday"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">weekday()</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="datetime.date.isocalendar"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">isocalendar()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.isocalendar"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">isocalendar</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.isocalendar" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a 3-tuple, (ISO year, ISO week number, ISO weekday). The ISO calendar is a widely used variant of the Gregorian calendar. See <a class="reference external" href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/calendar/isocalendar.htm">http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/calendar/isocalendar.htm</a> for a good explanation. The ISO year consists of 52 or 53 full weeks, and where a week starts on a Monday and ends on a Sunday. The first week of an ISO year is the first (Gregorian) calendar week of a year containing a Thursday. This is called week number 1, and the ISO year of that Thursday is the same as its Gregorian year. For example, 2004 begins on a Thursday, so the first week of ISO year 2004 begins on Monday, 29 Dec 2003 and ends on Sunday, 4 Jan 2004, so that <tt class="docutils literal">date(2003, 12, 29).isocalendar() == (2004, 1, 1)</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">date(2004, 1, 4).isocalendar() == (2004, 1, 7)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.isoformat"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">isoformat</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.isoformat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string representing the date in ISO 8601 format, ‘YYYY-MM-DD’. For example, <tt class="docutils literal">date(2002, 12, 4).isoformat() == '2002-12-04'</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.__str__"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">__str__</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.__str__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>For a date d, <tt class="docutils literal">str(d)</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">d.isoformat()</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.ctime"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">ctime</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.ctime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string representing the date, for example <tt class="docutils literal">date(2002, 12, 4).ctime() == 'Wed Dec 4 00:00:00 2002'</tt>. <tt class="docutils literal">d.ctime()</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">time.ctime(time.mktime(d.timetuple()))</tt> on platforms where the native C <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal">ctime()</tt> function (which <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.ctime" title="time.ctime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">time.ctime()</tt></a> invokes, but which <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.ctime" title="datetime.date.ctime"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">date.ctime()</tt></a> does not invoke) conforms to the C standard. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.strftime"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">strftime</tt><big>(</big>format<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.strftime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string representing the date, controlled by an explicit format string. Format codes referring to hours, minutes or seconds will see 0 values. See section <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.date.__format__"> <tt class="descclassname">date.</tt><tt class="descname">__format__</tt><big>(</big>format<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.date.__format__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Same as <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date.strftime" title="datetime.date.strftime"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">date.strftime()</tt></a>. This makes it possible to specify format string for a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object when using <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str.format" title="str.format"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">str.format()</tt></a>. See section <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</a>. </dd></dl> Example of counting days to an event: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> import time >>> from datetime import date >>> today = date.today() >>> today datetime.date(2007, 12, 5) >>> today == date.fromtimestamp(time.time()) True >>> my_birthday = date(today.year, 6, 24) >>> if my_birthday < today: ... my_birthday = my_birthday.replace(year=today.year + 1) >>> my_birthday datetime.date(2008, 6, 24) >>> time_to_birthday = abs(my_birthday - today) >>> time_to_birthday.days 202 </pre></div> </div> Example of working with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a>: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> from datetime import date >>> d = date.fromordinal(730920) # 730920th day after 1. 1. 0001 >>> d datetime.date(2002, 3, 11) >>> t = d.timetuple() >>> for i in t: ... print i 2002 # year 3 # month 11 # day 0 0 0 0 # weekday (0 = Monday) 70 # 70th day in the year -1 >>> ic = d.isocalendar() >>> for i in ic: ... print i 2002 # ISO year 11 # ISO week number 1 # ISO day number ( 1 = Monday ) >>> d.isoformat() '2002-03-11' >>> d.strftime("%d/%m/%y") '11/03/02' >>> d.strftime("%A %d. %B %Y") 'Monday 11. March 2002' >>> 'The {1} is {0:%d}, the {2} is {0:%B}.'.format(d, "day", "month") 'The day is 11, the month is March.' </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="datetime-objects"> <h2>8.1.4. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object is a single object containing all the information from a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object and a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object. Like a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> assumes the current Gregorian calendar extended in both directions; like a time object, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> assumes there are exactly 3600*24 seconds in every day. Constructor: <dl class="class"> <dt id="datetime.datetime"> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">datetime</tt><big>(</big>year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The year, month and day arguments are required. tzinfo may be <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, or an instance of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints or longs, in the following ranges: <ul class="simple"> <li><tt class="docutils literal">MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">1 <= month <= 12</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">1 <= day <= number of days in the given month and year</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= hour < 24</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= minute < 60</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= second < 60</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= microsecond < 1000000</tt></li> </ul> If an argument outside those ranges is given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a> is raised. </dd></dl> Other constructors, all class methods: <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.today"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">today</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.today" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the current local datetime, with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. This is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())</tt>. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="datetime.datetime.now"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">now()</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromtimestamp()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.now"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">now</tt><big>(</big>[tz]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the current local date and time. If optional argument tz is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> or not specified, this is like <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.today" title="datetime.datetime.today"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">today()</tt></a>, but, if possible, supplies more precision than can be gotten from going through a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">time.time()</tt></a> timestamp (for example, this may be possible on platforms supplying the C <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal">gettimeofday()</tt> function). Else tz must be an instance of a class <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass, and the current date and time are converted to tz‘s time zone. In this case the result is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">tz.fromutc(datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=tz))</tt>. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.today" title="datetime.datetime.today"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">today()</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcnow" title="datetime.datetime.utcnow"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcnow()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.utcnow"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">utcnow</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.utcnow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the current UTC date and time, with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. This is like <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="datetime.datetime.now"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">now()</tt></a>, but returns the current UTC date and time, as a naive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.now" title="datetime.datetime.now"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">now()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">fromtimestamp</tt><big>(</big>timestamp[, tz]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the local date and time corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, such as is returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.time" title="time.time"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">time.time()</tt></a>. If optional argument tz is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> or not specified, the timestamp is converted to the platform’s local date and time, and the returned <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object is naive. Else tz must be an instance of a class <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass, and the timestamp is converted to tz‘s time zone. In this case the result is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">tz.fromutc(datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).replace(tzinfo=tz))</tt>. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromtimestamp()</tt></a> may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a>, if the timestamp is out of the range of values supported by the platform C <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal">localtime()</tt> or <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal">gmtime()</tt> functions. It’s common for this to be restricted to years in 1970 through 2038. Note that on non-POSIX systems that include leap seconds in their notion of a timestamp, leap seconds are ignored by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromtimestamp()</tt></a>, and then it’s possible to have two timestamps differing by a second that yield identical <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> objects. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcfromtimestamp()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">utcfromtimestamp</tt><big>(</big>timestamp<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the UTC <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> corresponding to the POSIX timestamp, with <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. This may raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a>, if the timestamp is out of the range of values supported by the platform C <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal">gmtime()</tt> function. It’s common for this to be restricted to years in 1970 through 2038. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp" title="datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromtimestamp()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.fromordinal"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">fromordinal</tt><big>(</big>ordinal<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.fromordinal" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> corresponding to the proleptic Gregorian ordinal, where January 1 of year 1 has ordinal 1. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a> is raised unless <tt class="docutils literal">1 <= ordinal <= datetime.max.toordinal()</tt>. The hour, minute, second and microsecond of the result are all 0, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.combine"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">combine</tt><big>(</big>date, time<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.combine" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object whose date components are equal to the given <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object’s, and whose time components and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attributes are equal to the given <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object’s. For any <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object d, <tt class="docutils literal">d == datetime.combine(d.date(), d.timetz())</tt>. If date is a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object, its time components and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attributes are ignored. </dd></dl> <dl class="classmethod"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.strptime"> classmethod <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">strptime</tt><big>(</big>date_string, format<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> corresponding to date_string, parsed according to format. This is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">datetime(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:6]))</tt>. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a> is raised if the date_string and format can’t be parsed by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.strptime" title="time.strptime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">time.strptime()</tt></a> or if it returns a value which isn’t a time tuple. See section <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</a>. New in version 2.5. </dd></dl> Class attributes: <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.min"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">min</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.min" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The earliest representable <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a>, <tt class="docutils literal">datetime(MINYEAR, 1, 1, tzinfo=None)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.max"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">max</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.max" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The latest representable <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a>, <tt class="docutils literal">datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999, tzinfo=None)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.resolution"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">resolution</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.resolution" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The smallest possible difference between non-equal <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> objects, <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(microseconds=1)</tt>. </dd></dl> Instance attributes (read-only): <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.year"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">year</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.year" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Between <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MINYEAR</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MAXYEAR</tt></a> inclusive. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.month"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">month</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.month" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Between 1 and 12 inclusive. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.day"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">day</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.day" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Between 1 and the number of days in the given month of the given year. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.hour"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">hour</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.hour" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>In <tt class="docutils literal">range(24)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.minute"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">minute</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.minute" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>In <tt class="docutils literal">range(60)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.second"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">second</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.second" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>In <tt class="docutils literal">range(60)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.microsecond"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">microsecond</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>In <tt class="docutils literal">range(1000000)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.tzinfo"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">tzinfo</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.tzinfo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The object passed as the tzinfo argument to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> constructor, or <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> if none was passed. </dd></dl> Supported operations: <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="55%" /> <col width="45%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Operation</th> <th class="head">Result</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">datetime2 = datetime1 + timedelta</tt></td> <td>(1)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">datetime2 = datetime1 - timedelta</tt></td> <td>(2)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">timedelta = datetime1 - datetime2</tt></td> <td>(3)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">datetime1 < datetime2</tt></td> <td>Compares <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a>. (4)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ol class="arabic"> <li>datetime2 is a duration of timedelta removed from datetime1, moving forward in time if <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.days</tt> > 0, or backward if <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta.days</tt> < 0. The result has the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute as the input datetime, and datetime2 - datetime1 == timedelta after. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.OverflowError" title="exceptions.OverflowError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">OverflowError</tt></a> is raised if datetime2.year would be smaller than <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MINYEAR</tt></a> or larger than <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MAXYEAR</tt></a>. Note that no time zone adjustments are done even if the input is an aware object. </li> <li>Computes the datetime2 such that datetime2 + timedelta == datetime1. As for addition, the result has the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute as the input datetime, and no time zone adjustments are done even if the input is aware. This isn’t quite equivalent to datetime1 + (-timedelta), because -timedelta in isolation can overflow in cases where datetime1 - timedelta does not. </li> <li>Subtraction of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> from a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> is defined only if both operands are naive, or if both are aware. If one is aware and the other is naive, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> is raised. If both are naive, or both are aware and have the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute, the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attributes are ignored, and the result is a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object t such that <tt class="docutils literal">datetime2 + t == datetime1</tt>. No time zone adjustments are done in this case. If both are aware and have different <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attributes, <tt class="docutils literal">a-b</tt> acts as if a and b were first converted to naive UTC datetimes first. The result is <tt class="docutils literal">(a.replace(tzinfo=None) - a.utcoffset()) - (b.replace(tzinfo=None) - b.utcoffset())</tt> except that the implementation never overflows. </li> <li>datetime1 is considered less than datetime2 when datetime1 precedes datetime2 in time. If one comparand is naive and the other is aware, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> is raised. If both comparands are aware, and have the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute, the common <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute is ignored and the base datetimes are compared. If both comparands are aware and have different <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attributes, the comparands are first adjusted by subtracting their UTC offsets (obtained from <tt class="docutils literal">self.utcoffset()</tt>). <div class="admonition note"> Note In order to stop comparison from falling back to the default scheme of comparing object addresses, datetime comparison normally raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> if the other comparand isn’t also a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object. However, <tt class="docutils literal">NotImplemented</tt> is returned instead if the other comparand has a <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">timetuple()</tt> attribute. This hook gives other kinds of date objects a chance at implementing mixed-type comparison. If not, when a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object is compared to an object of a different type, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> is raised unless the comparison is <tt class="docutils literal">==</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">!=</tt>. The latter cases return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">False</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">True</tt></a>, respectively. </div> </li> </ol> <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> objects can be used as dictionary keys. In Boolean contexts, all <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> objects are considered to be true. Instance methods: <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.date"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">date</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.date" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> object with same year, month and day. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.time"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">time</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object with same hour, minute, second and microsecond. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. See also method <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.timetz" title="datetime.datetime.timetz"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">timetz()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.timetz"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">timetz</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.timetz" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object with same hour, minute, second, microsecond, and tzinfo attributes. See also method <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">time()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.replace"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">replace</tt><big>(</big>[year[, month[, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]]]]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.replace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a datetime with the same attributes, except for those attributes given new values by whichever keyword arguments are specified. Note that <tt class="docutils literal">tzinfo=None</tt> can be specified to create a naive datetime from an aware datetime with no conversion of date and time data. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.astimezone"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">astimezone</tt><big>(</big>tz<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object with new <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute tz, adjusting the date and time data so the result is the same UTC time as self, but in tz‘s local time. tz must be an instance of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass, and its <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcoffset" title="datetime.datetime.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="datetime.datetime.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> methods must not return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. self must be aware (<tt class="docutils literal">self.tzinfo</tt> must not be <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal">self.utcoffset()</tt> must not return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>). If <tt class="docutils literal">self.tzinfo</tt> is tz, <tt class="docutils literal">self.astimezone(tz)</tt> is equal to self: no adjustment of date or time data is performed. Else the result is local time in time zone tz, representing the same UTC time as self: after <tt class="docutils literal">astz = dt.astimezone(tz)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">astz - astz.utcoffset()</tt> will usually have the same date and time data as <tt class="docutils literal">dt - dt.utcoffset()</tt>. The discussion of class <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> explains the cases at Daylight Saving Time transition boundaries where this cannot be achieved (an issue only if tz models both standard and daylight time). If you merely want to attach a time zone object tz to a datetime dt without adjustment of date and time data, use <tt class="docutils literal">dt.replace(tzinfo=tz)</tt>. If you merely want to remove the time zone object from an aware datetime dt without conversion of date and time data, use <tt class="docutils literal">dt.replace(tzinfo=None)</tt>. Note that the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">tzinfo.fromutc()</tt></a> method can be overridden in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass to affect the result returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">astimezone()</tt></a>. Ignoring error cases, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">astimezone()</tt></a> acts like: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>def astimezone(self, tz): if self.tzinfo is tz: return self # Convert self to UTC, and attach the new time zone object. utc = (self - self.utcoffset()).replace(tzinfo=tz) # Convert from UTC to tz's local time. return tz.fromutc(utc) </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.utcoffset"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">utcoffset</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.utcoffset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, else returns <tt class="docutils literal">self.tzinfo.utcoffset(self)</tt>, and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, or a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object representing a whole number of minutes with magnitude less than one day. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.dst"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">dst</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, else returns <tt class="docutils literal">self.tzinfo.dst(self)</tt>, and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, or a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object representing a whole number of minutes with magnitude less than one day. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.tzname"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">tzname</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.tzname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, else returns <tt class="docutils literal">self.tzinfo.tzname(self)</tt>, raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> or a string object, </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.timetuple"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">timetuple</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.timetuple" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time.struct_time</tt></a> such as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.localtime" title="time.localtime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">time.localtime()</tt></a>. <tt class="docutils literal">d.timetuple()</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">time.struct_time((d.year, d.month, d.day, d.hour, d.minute, d.second, d.weekday(), yday, dst))</tt>, where <tt class="docutils literal">yday = d.toordinal() - date(d.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1</tt> is the day number within the current year starting with <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt> for January 1st. The <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tm_isdst</tt> flag of the result is set according to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="datetime.datetime.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> method: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="datetime.datetime.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tm_isdst</tt> is set to <tt class="docutils literal">-1</tt>; else if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.dst" title="datetime.datetime.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> returns a non-zero value, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tm_isdst</tt> is set to <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt>; else <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tm_isdst</tt> is set to <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.utctimetuple"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">utctimetuple</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.utctimetuple" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> instance d is naive, this is the same as <tt class="docutils literal">d.timetuple()</tt> except that <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tm_isdst</tt> is forced to 0 regardless of what <tt class="docutils literal">d.dst()</tt> returns. DST is never in effect for a UTC time. If d is aware, d is normalized to UTC time, by subtracting <tt class="docutils literal">d.utcoffset()</tt>, and a <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.struct_time" title="time.struct_time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time.struct_time</tt></a> for the normalized time is returned. <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tm_isdst</tt> is forced to 0. Note that the result’s <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tm_year</tt> member may be <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MINYEAR" title="datetime.MINYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MINYEAR</tt></a>-1 or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.MAXYEAR" title="datetime.MAXYEAR"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">MAXYEAR</tt></a>+1, if d.year was <tt class="docutils literal">MINYEAR</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">MAXYEAR</tt> and UTC adjustment spills over a year boundary. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.toordinal"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">toordinal</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.toordinal" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date. The same as <tt class="docutils literal">self.date().toordinal()</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.weekday"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">weekday</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.weekday" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6. The same as <tt class="docutils literal">self.date().weekday()</tt>. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.isoweekday" title="datetime.datetime.isoweekday"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">isoweekday()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.isoweekday"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">isoweekday</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.isoweekday" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7. The same as <tt class="docutils literal">self.date().isoweekday()</tt>. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.weekday" title="datetime.datetime.weekday"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">weekday()</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.isocalendar" title="datetime.datetime.isocalendar"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">isocalendar()</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.isocalendar"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">isocalendar</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.isocalendar" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a 3-tuple, (ISO year, ISO week number, ISO weekday). The same as <tt class="docutils literal">self.date().isocalendar()</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.isoformat"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">isoformat</tt><big>(</big>[sep]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.isoformat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string representing the date and time in ISO 8601 format, YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.mmmmmm or, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">microsecond</tt></a> is 0, YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.utcoffset" title="datetime.datetime.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a> does not return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, a 6-character string is appended, giving the UTC offset in (signed) hours and minutes: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.mmmmmm+HH:MM or, if <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.microsecond" title="datetime.datetime.microsecond"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">microsecond</tt></a> is 0 YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+HH:MM The optional argument sep (default <tt class="docutils literal">'T'</tt>) is a one-character separator, placed between the date and time portions of the result. For example, <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime >>> class TZ(tzinfo): ... def utcoffset(self, dt): return timedelta(minutes=-399) ... >>> datetime(2002, 12, 25, tzinfo=TZ()).isoformat(' ') '2002-12-25 00:00:00-06:39' </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.__str__"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">__str__</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.__str__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>For a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> instance d, <tt class="docutils literal">str(d)</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">d.isoformat(' ')</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.ctime"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">ctime</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.ctime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string representing the date and time, for example <tt class="docutils literal">datetime(2002, 12, 4, 20, 30, 40).ctime() == 'Wed Dec  4 20:30:40 2002'</tt>. <tt class="docutils literal">d.ctime()</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">time.ctime(time.mktime(d.timetuple()))</tt> on platforms where the native C <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal">ctime()</tt> function (which <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.ctime" title="time.ctime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">time.ctime()</tt></a> invokes, but which <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.ctime" title="datetime.datetime.ctime"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">datetime.ctime()</tt></a> does not invoke) conforms to the C standard. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.strftime"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">strftime</tt><big>(</big>format<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string representing the date and time, controlled by an explicit format string. See section <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.datetime.__format__"> <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">__format__</tt><big>(</big>format<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.datetime.__format__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Same as <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strftime" title="datetime.datetime.strftime"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">datetime.strftime()</tt></a>. This makes it possible to specify format string for a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object when using <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str.format" title="str.format"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">str.format()</tt></a>. See section <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</a>. </dd></dl> Examples of working with datetime objects: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> from datetime import datetime, date, time >>> # Using datetime.combine() >>> d = date(2005, 7, 14) >>> t = time(12, 30) >>> datetime.combine(d, t) datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 14, 12, 30) >>> # Using datetime.now() or datetime.utcnow() >>> datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 6, 16, 29, 43, 79043) # GMT +1 >>> datetime.utcnow() datetime.datetime(2007, 12, 6, 15, 29, 43, 79060) >>> # Using datetime.strptime() >>> dt = datetime.strptime("21/11/06 16:30", "%d/%m/%y %H:%M") >>> dt datetime.datetime(2006, 11, 21, 16, 30) >>> # Using datetime.timetuple() to get tuple of all attributes >>> tt = dt.timetuple() >>> for it in tt: ... print it ... 2006 # year 11 # month 21 # day 16 # hour 30 # minute 0 # second 1 # weekday (0 = Monday) 325 # number of days since 1st January -1 # dst - method tzinfo.dst() returned None >>> # Date in ISO format >>> ic = dt.isocalendar() >>> for it in ic: ... print it ... 2006 # ISO year 47 # ISO week 2 # ISO weekday >>> # Formatting datetime >>> dt.strftime("%A, %d. %B %Y %I:%M%p") 'Tuesday, 21. November 2006 04:30PM' >>> 'The {1} is {0:%d}, the {2} is {0:%B}, the {3} is {0:%I:%M%p}.'.format(dt, "day", "month", "time") 'The day is 21, the month is November, the time is 04:30PM.' </pre></div> </div> Using datetime with tzinfo: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> from datetime import timedelta, datetime, tzinfo >>> class GMT1(tzinfo): ... def utcoffset(self, dt): ... return timedelta(hours=1) + self.dst(dt) ... def dst(self, dt): ... # DST starts last Sunday in March ... d = datetime(dt.year, 4, 1) # ends last Sunday in October ... self.dston = d - timedelta(days=d.weekday() + 1) ... d = datetime(dt.year, 11, 1) ... self.dstoff = d - timedelta(days=d.weekday() + 1) ... if self.dston <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < self.dstoff: ... return timedelta(hours=1) ... else: ... return timedelta(0) ... def tzname(self,dt): ... return "GMT +1" ... >>> class GMT2(tzinfo): ... def utcoffset(self, dt): ... return timedelta(hours=2) + self.dst(dt) ... def dst(self, dt): ... d = datetime(dt.year, 4, 1) ... self.dston = d - timedelta(days=d.weekday() + 1) ... d = datetime(dt.year, 11, 1) ... self.dstoff = d - timedelta(days=d.weekday() + 1) ... if self.dston <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < self.dstoff: ... return timedelta(hours=1) ... else: ... return timedelta(0) ... def tzname(self,dt): ... return "GMT +2" ... >>> gmt1 = GMT1() >>> # Daylight Saving Time >>> dt1 = datetime(2006, 11, 21, 16, 30, tzinfo=gmt1) >>> dt1.dst() datetime.timedelta(0) >>> dt1.utcoffset() datetime.timedelta(0, 3600) >>> dt2 = datetime(2006, 6, 14, 13, 0, tzinfo=gmt1) >>> dt2.dst() datetime.timedelta(0, 3600) >>> dt2.utcoffset() datetime.timedelta(0, 7200) >>> # Convert datetime to another time zone >>> dt3 = dt2.astimezone(GMT2()) >>> dt3 datetime.datetime(2006, 6, 14, 14, 0, tzinfo=<GMT2 object at 0x...>) >>> dt2 datetime.datetime(2006, 6, 14, 13, 0, tzinfo=<GMT1 object at 0x...>) >>> dt2.utctimetuple() == dt3.utctimetuple() True </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="time-objects"> <h2>8.1.5. <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#time-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> A time object represents a (local) time of day, independent of any particular day, and subject to adjustment via a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> object. <dl class="class"> <dt id="datetime.time"> class <tt class="descclassname">datetime.</tt><tt class="descname">time</tt><big>(</big>[hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>All arguments are optional. tzinfo may be <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, or an instance of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints or longs, in the following ranges: <ul class="simple"> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= hour < 24</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= minute < 60</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= second < 60</tt></li> <li><tt class="docutils literal">0 <= microsecond < 1000000</tt>.</li> </ul> If an argument outside those ranges is given, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">ValueError</tt></a> is raised. All default to <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> except tzinfo, which defaults to <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">None</tt></a>. </dd></dl> Class attributes: <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.time.min"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">min</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.min" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The earliest representable <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a>, <tt class="docutils literal">time(0, 0, 0, 0)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.time.max"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">max</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.max" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The latest representable <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a>, <tt class="docutils literal">time(23, 59, 59, 999999)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.time.resolution"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">resolution</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.resolution" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The smallest possible difference between non-equal <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> objects, <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(microseconds=1)</tt>, although note that arithmetic on <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> objects is not supported. </dd></dl> Instance attributes (read-only): <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.time.hour"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">hour</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.hour" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>In <tt class="docutils literal">range(24)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.time.minute"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">minute</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.minute" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>In <tt class="docutils literal">range(60)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.time.second"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">second</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.second" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>In <tt class="docutils literal">range(60)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.time.microsecond"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">microsecond</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.microsecond" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>In <tt class="docutils literal">range(1000000)</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="datetime.time.tzinfo"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">tzinfo</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.tzinfo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>The object passed as the tzinfo argument to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> constructor, or <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> if none was passed. </dd></dl> Supported operations: <ul class="simple"> <li>comparison of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> to <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a>, where a is considered less than b when a precedes b in time. If one comparand is naive and the other is aware, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> is raised. If both comparands are aware, and have the same <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute, the common <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute is ignored and the base times are compared. If both comparands are aware and have different <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attributes, the comparands are first adjusted by subtracting their UTC offsets (obtained from <tt class="docutils literal">self.utcoffset()</tt>). In order to stop mixed-type comparisons from falling back to the default comparison by object address, when a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object is compared to an object of a different type, <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">TypeError</tt></a> is raised unless the comparison is <tt class="docutils literal">==</tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">!=</tt>. The latter cases return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">False</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal">True</tt></a>, respectively.</li> <li>hash, use as dict key</li> <li>efficient pickling</li> <li>in Boolean contexts, a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object is considered to be true if and only if, after converting it to minutes and subtracting <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt> (or <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> if that’s <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>), the result is non-zero.</li> </ul> Instance methods: <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.time.replace"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">replace</tt><big>(</big>[hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.replace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> with the same value, except for those attributes given new values by whichever keyword arguments are specified. Note that <tt class="docutils literal">tzinfo=None</tt> can be specified to create a naive <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> from an aware <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a>, without conversion of the time data. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.time.isoformat"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">isoformat</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.isoformat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string representing the time in ISO 8601 format, HH:MM:SS.mmmmmm or, if self.microsecond is 0, HH:MM:SS If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.utcoffset" title="datetime.time.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a> does not return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, a 6-character string is appended, giving the UTC offset in (signed) hours and minutes: HH:MM:SS.mmmmmm+HH:MM or, if self.microsecond is 0, HH:MM:SS+HH:MM </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.time.__str__"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">__str__</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.__str__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>For a time t, <tt class="docutils literal">str(t)</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">t.isoformat()</tt>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.time.strftime"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">strftime</tt><big>(</big>format<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.strftime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return a string representing the time, controlled by an explicit format string. See section <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.time.__format__"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">__format__</tt><big>(</big>format<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.__format__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Same as <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time.strftime" title="datetime.time.strftime"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">time.strftime()</tt></a>. This makes it possible to specify format string for a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object when using <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str.format" title="str.format"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">str.format()</tt></a>. See section <a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-strptime-behavior">strftime() and strptime() Behavior</a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.time.utcoffset"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">utcoffset</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.utcoffset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, else returns <tt class="docutils literal">self.tzinfo.utcoffset(None)</tt>, and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> or a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object representing a whole number of minutes with magnitude less than one day. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.time.dst"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">dst</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.dst" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, else returns <tt class="docutils literal">self.tzinfo.dst(None)</tt>, and raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, or a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object representing a whole number of minutes with magnitude less than one day. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.time.tzname"> <tt class="descclassname">time.</tt><tt class="descname">tzname</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.time.tzname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, else returns <tt class="docutils literal">self.tzinfo.tzname(None)</tt>, or raises an exception if the latter doesn’t return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> or a string object. </dd></dl> Example: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>>>> from datetime import time, tzinfo >>> class GMT1(tzinfo): ... def utcoffset(self, dt): ... return timedelta(hours=1) ... def dst(self, dt): ... return timedelta(0) ... def tzname(self,dt): ... return "Europe/Prague" ... >>> t = time(12, 10, 30, tzinfo=GMT1()) >>> t datetime.time(12, 10, 30, tzinfo=<GMT1 object at 0x...>) >>> gmt = GMT1() >>> t.isoformat() '12:10:30+01:00' >>> t.dst() datetime.timedelta(0) >>> t.tzname() 'Europe/Prague' >>> t.strftime("%H:%M:%S %Z") '12:10:30 Europe/Prague' >>> 'The {} is {:%H:%M}.'.format("time", t) 'The time is 12:10.' </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="tzinfo-objects"> <h2>8.1.6. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#tzinfo-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> is an abstract base class, meaning that this class should not be instantiated directly. You need to derive a concrete subclass, and (at least) supply implementations of the standard <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> methods needed by the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> methods you use. The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> module does not supply any concrete subclasses of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a>. An instance of (a concrete subclass of) <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> can be passed to the constructors for <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> objects. The latter objects view their attributes as being in local time, and the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> object supports methods revealing offset of local time from UTC, the name of the time zone, and DST offset, all relative to a date or time object passed to them. Special requirement for pickling: A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass must have an <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__init__" title="object.__init__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">__init__()</tt></a> method that can be called with no arguments, else it can be pickled but possibly not unpickled again. This is a technical requirement that may be relaxed in the future. A concrete subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> may need to implement the following methods. Exactly which methods are needed depends on the uses made of aware <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> objects. If in doubt, simply implement all of them. <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"> <tt class="descclassname">tzinfo.</tt><tt class="descname">utcoffset</tt><big>(</big>self, dt<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return offset of local time from UTC, in minutes east of UTC. If local time is west of UTC, this should be negative. Note that this is intended to be the total offset from UTC; for example, if a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> object represents both time zone and DST adjustments, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a> should return their sum. If the UTC offset isn’t known, return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>. Else the value returned must be a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object specifying a whole number of minutes in the range -1439 to 1439 inclusive (1440 = 24*60; the magnitude of the offset must be less than one day). Most implementations of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a> will probably look like one of these two: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>return CONSTANT # fixed-offset class return CONSTANT + self.dst(dt) # daylight-aware class </pre></div> </div> If <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a> does not return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> should not return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> either. The default implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a> raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.NotImplementedError" title="exceptions.NotImplementedError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">NotImplementedError</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.tzinfo.dst"> <tt class="descclassname">tzinfo.</tt><tt class="descname">dst</tt><big>(</big>self, dt<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the daylight saving time (DST) adjustment, in minutes east of UTC, or <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> if DST information isn’t known. Return <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(0)</tt> if DST is not in effect. If DST is in effect, return the offset as a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.timedelta" title="datetime.timedelta"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">timedelta</tt></a> object (see <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a> for details). Note that DST offset, if applicable, has already been added to the UTC offset returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset" title="datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt></a>, so there’s no need to consult <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> unless you’re interested in obtaining DST info separately. For example, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.timetuple" title="datetime.datetime.timetuple"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">datetime.timetuple()</tt></a> calls its <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> attribute’s <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> method to determine how the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal">tm_isdst</tt> flag should be set, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">tzinfo.fromutc()</tt></a> calls <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> to account for DST changes when crossing time zones. An instance tz of a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass that models both standard and daylight times must be consistent in this sense: <tt class="docutils literal">tz.utcoffset(dt) - tz.dst(dt)</tt> must return the same result for every <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> dt with <tt class="docutils literal">dt.tzinfo == tz</tt> For sane <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclasses, this expression yields the time zone’s “standard offset”, which should not depend on the date or the time, but only on geographic location. The implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">datetime.astimezone()</tt></a> relies on this, but cannot detect violations; it’s the programmer’s responsibility to ensure it. If a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass cannot guarantee this, it may be able to override the default implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">tzinfo.fromutc()</tt></a> to work correctly with <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">astimezone()</tt> regardless. Most implementations of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> will probably look like one of these two: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>def dst(self, dt): # a fixed-offset class: doesn't account for DST return timedelta(0) </pre></div> </div> or <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>def dst(self, dt): # Code to set dston and dstoff to the time zone's DST # transition times based on the input dt.year, and expressed # in standard local time. Then if dston <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < dstoff: return timedelta(hours=1) else: return timedelta(0) </pre></div> </div> The default implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">dst()</tt></a> raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.NotImplementedError" title="exceptions.NotImplementedError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">NotImplementedError</tt></a>. </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.tzinfo.tzname"> <tt class="descclassname">tzinfo.</tt><tt class="descname">tzname</tt><big>(</big>self, dt<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo.tzname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>Return the time zone name corresponding to the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object dt, as a string. Nothing about string names is defined by the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> module, and there’s no requirement that it mean anything in particular. For example, “GMT”, “UTC”, “-500”, “-5:00”, “EDT”, “US/Eastern”, “America/New York” are all valid replies. Return <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> if a string name isn’t known. Note that this is a method rather than a fixed string primarily because some <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclasses will wish to return different names depending on the specific value of dt passed, especially if the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> class is accounting for daylight time. The default implementation of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.tzname" title="datetime.tzinfo.tzname"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">tzname()</tt></a> raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.NotImplementedError" title="exceptions.NotImplementedError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal">NotImplementedError</tt></a>. </dd></dl> These methods are called by a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object, in response to their methods of the same names. A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object passes itself as the argument, and a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> object passes <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> as the argument. A <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass’s methods should therefore be prepared to accept a dt argument of <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, or of class <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a>. When <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> is passed, it’s up to the class designer to decide the best response. For example, returning <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt> is appropriate if the class wishes to say that time objects don’t participate in the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> protocols. It may be more useful for <tt class="docutils literal">utcoffset(None)</tt> to return the standard UTC offset, as there is no other convention for discovering the standard offset. When a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object is passed in response to a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> method, <tt class="docutils literal">dt.tzinfo</tt> is the same object as self. <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> methods can rely on this, unless user code calls <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> methods directly. The intent is that the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> methods interpret dt as being in local time, and not need worry about objects in other timezones. There is one more <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> method that a subclass may wish to override: <dl class="method"> <dt id="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"> <tt class="descclassname">tzinfo.</tt><tt class="descname">fromutc</tt><big>(</big>self, dt<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd>This is called from the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.astimezone" title="datetime.datetime.astimezone"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime.astimezone()</tt></a> implementation. When called from that, <tt class="docutils literal">dt.tzinfo</tt> is self, and dt‘s date and time data are to be viewed as expressing a UTC time. The purpose of <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromutc()</tt></a> is to adjust the date and time data, returning an equivalent datetime in self‘s local time. Most <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclasses should be able to inherit the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromutc()</tt></a> implementation without problems. It’s strong enough to handle fixed-offset time zones, and time zones accounting for both standard and daylight time, and the latter even if the DST transition times differ in different years. An example of a time zone the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromutc()</tt></a> implementation may not handle correctly in all cases is one where the standard offset (from UTC) depends on the specific date and time passed, which can happen for political reasons. The default implementations of <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">astimezone()</tt> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromutc()</tt></a> may not produce the result you want if the result is one of the hours straddling the moment the standard offset changes. Skipping code for error cases, the default <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.fromutc" title="datetime.tzinfo.fromutc"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">fromutc()</tt></a> implementation acts like: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>def fromutc(self, dt): # raise ValueError error if dt.tzinfo is not self dtoff = dt.utcoffset() dtdst = dt.dst() # raise ValueError if dtoff is None or dtdst is None delta = dtoff - dtdst # this is self's standard offset if delta: dt += delta # convert to standard local time dtdst = dt.dst() # raise ValueError if dtdst is None if dtdst: return dt + dtdst else: return dt </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> Example <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> classes: <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>from datetime import tzinfo, timedelta, datetime ZERO = timedelta(0) HOUR = timedelta(hours=1) # A UTC class. class UTC(tzinfo): """UTC""" def utcoffset(self, dt): return ZERO def tzname(self, dt): return "UTC" def dst(self, dt): return ZERO utc = UTC() # A class building tzinfo objects for fixed-offset time zones. # Note that FixedOffset(0, "UTC") is a different way to build a # UTC tzinfo object. class FixedOffset(tzinfo): """Fixed offset in minutes east from UTC.""" def __init__(self, offset, name): self.__offset = timedelta(minutes = offset) self.__name = name def utcoffset(self, dt): return self.__offset def tzname(self, dt): return self.__name def dst(self, dt): return ZERO # A class capturing the platform's idea of local time. import time as _time STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.timezone) if _time.daylight: DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds = -_time.altzone) else: DSTOFFSET = STDOFFSET DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET - STDOFFSET class LocalTimezone(tzinfo): def utcoffset(self, dt): if self._isdst(dt): return DSTOFFSET else: return STDOFFSET def dst(self, dt): if self._isdst(dt): return DSTDIFF else: return ZERO def tzname(self, dt): return _time.tzname[self._isdst(dt)] def _isdst(self, dt): tt = (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second, dt.weekday(), 0, 0) stamp = _time.mktime(tt) tt = _time.localtime(stamp) return tt.tm_isdst > 0 Local = LocalTimezone() # A complete implementation of current DST rules for major US time zones. def first_sunday_on_or_after(dt): days_to_go = 6 - dt.weekday() if days_to_go: dt += timedelta(days_to_go) return dt # US DST Rules # # This is a simplified (i.e., wrong for a few cases) set of rules for US # DST start and end times. For a complete and up-to-date set of DST rules # and timezone definitions, visit the Olson Database (or try pytz): # http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm # http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz/ (might not be up-to-date) # # In the US, since 2007, DST starts at 2am (standard time) on the second # Sunday in March, which is the first Sunday on or after Mar 8. DSTSTART_2007 = datetime(1, 3, 8, 2) # and ends at 2am (DST time; 1am standard time) on the first Sunday of Nov. DSTEND_2007 = datetime(1, 11, 1, 1) # From 1987 to 2006, DST used to start at 2am (standard time) on the first # Sunday in April and to end at 2am (DST time; 1am standard time) on the last # Sunday of October, which is the first Sunday on or after Oct 25. DSTSTART_1987_2006 = datetime(1, 4, 1, 2) DSTEND_1987_2006 = datetime(1, 10, 25, 1) # From 1967 to 1986, DST used to start at 2am (standard time) on the last # Sunday in April (the one on or after April 24) and to end at 2am (DST time; # 1am standard time) on the last Sunday of October, which is the first Sunday # on or after Oct 25. DSTSTART_1967_1986 = datetime(1, 4, 24, 2) DSTEND_1967_1986 = DSTEND_1987_2006 class USTimeZone(tzinfo): def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname): self.stdoffset = timedelta(hours=hours) self.reprname = reprname self.stdname = stdname self.dstname = dstname def __repr__(self): return self.reprname def tzname(self, dt): if self.dst(dt): return self.dstname else: return self.stdname def utcoffset(self, dt): return self.stdoffset + self.dst(dt) def dst(self, dt): if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None: # An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases. # It depends on how you want to treat them. The default # fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone() # implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self. return ZERO assert dt.tzinfo is self # Find start and end times for US DST. For years before 1967, return # ZERO for no DST. if 2006 < dt.year: dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_2007, DSTEND_2007 elif 1986 < dt.year < 2007: dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_1987_2006, DSTEND_1987_2006 elif 1966 < dt.year < 1987: dststart, dstend = DSTSTART_1967_1986, DSTEND_1967_1986 else: return ZERO start = first_sunday_on_or_after(dststart.replace(year=dt.year)) end = first_sunday_on_or_after(dstend.replace(year=dt.year)) # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from # dt first. if start <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < end: return HOUR else: return ZERO Eastern = USTimeZone(-5, "Eastern", "EST", "EDT") Central = USTimeZone(-6, "Central", "CST", "CDT") Mountain = USTimeZone(-7, "Mountain", "MST", "MDT") Pacific = USTimeZone(-8, "Pacific", "PST", "PDT") </pre></div> </div> Note that there are unavoidable subtleties twice per year in a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass accounting for both standard and daylight time, at the DST transition points. For concreteness, consider US Eastern (UTC -0500), where EDT begins the minute after 1:59 (EST) on the second Sunday in March, and ends the minute after 1:59 (EDT) on the first Sunday in November: <div class="highlight-python"><pre> UTC 3:MM 4:MM 5:MM 6:MM 7:MM 8:MM EST 22:MM 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM EDT 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM 4:MM start 22:MM 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 3:MM 4:MM end 23:MM 0:MM 1:MM 1:MM 2:MM 3:MM</pre> </div> When DST starts (the “start” line), the local wall clock leaps from 1:59 to 3:00. A wall time of the form 2:MM doesn’t really make sense on that day, so <tt class="docutils literal">astimezone(Eastern)</tt> won’t deliver a result with <tt class="docutils literal">hour == 2</tt> on the day DST begins. In order for <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">astimezone()</tt> to make this guarantee, the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">rzinfo.dst()</tt> method must consider times in the “missing hour” (2:MM for Eastern) to be in daylight time. When DST ends (the “end” line), there’s a potentially worse problem: there’s an hour that can’t be spelled unambiguously in local wall time: the last hour of daylight time. In Eastern, that’s times of the form 5:MM UTC on the day daylight time ends. The local wall clock leaps from 1:59 (daylight time) back to 1:00 (standard time) again. Local times of the form 1:MM are ambiguous. <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">astimezone()</tt> mimics the local clock’s behavior by mapping two adjacent UTC hours into the same local hour then. In the Eastern example, UTC times of the form 5:MM and 6:MM both map to 1:MM when converted to Eastern. In order for <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">astimezone()</tt> to make this guarantee, the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo.dst" title="datetime.tzinfo.dst"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">tzinfo.dst()</tt></a> method must consider times in the “repeated hour” to be in standard time. This is easily arranged, as in the example, by expressing DST switch times in the time zone’s standard local time. Applications that can’t bear such ambiguities should avoid using hybrid <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclasses; there are no ambiguities when using UTC, or any other fixed-offset <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> subclass (such as a class representing only EST (fixed offset -5 hours), or only EDT (fixed offset -4 hours)). <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> See also <dl class="last docutils"> <dt><a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pytz/">pytz</a></dt> <dd>The standard library has no <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.tzinfo" title="datetime.tzinfo"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">tzinfo</tt></a> instances, but there exists a third-party library which brings the IANA timezone database (also known as the Olson database) to Python: pytz. pytz contains up-to-date information and its usage is recommended. </dd> <dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.iana.org/time-zones">IANA timezone database</a></dt> <dd>The Time Zone Database (often called tz or zoneinfo) contains code and data that represent the history of local time for many representative locations around the globe. It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets, and daylight-saving rules.</dd> </dl> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="strftime-and-strptime-behavior"> <h2>8.1.7. <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">strftime()</tt> and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">strptime()</tt> Behavior<a class="headerlink" href="#strftime-and-strptime-behavior" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> objects all support a <tt class="docutils literal">strftime(format)</tt> method, to create a string representing the time under the control of an explicit format string. Broadly speaking, <tt class="docutils literal">d.strftime(fmt)</tt> acts like the <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">time</tt></a> module’s <tt class="docutils literal">time.strftime(fmt, d.timetuple())</tt> although not all objects support a <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">timetuple()</tt> method. Conversely, the <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime.strptime" title="datetime.datetime.strptime"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">datetime.strptime()</tt></a> class method creates a <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> object from a string representing a date and time and a corresponding format string. <tt class="docutils literal">datetime.strptime(date_string, format)</tt> is equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal">datetime(*(time.strptime(date_string, format)[0:6]))</tt>. For <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> objects, the format codes for year, month, and day should not be used, as time objects have no such values. If they’re used anyway, <tt class="docutils literal">1900</tt> is substituted for the year, and <tt class="docutils literal">1</tt> for the month and day. For <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> objects, the format codes for hours, minutes, seconds, and microseconds should not be used, as <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.date" title="datetime.date"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">date</tt></a> objects have no such values. If they’re used anyway, <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> is substituted for them. New in version 2.6: <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.time" title="datetime.time"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">time</tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> objects support a <tt class="docutils literal">%f</tt> format code which expands to the number of microseconds in the object, zero-padded on the left to six places. For a naive object, the <tt class="docutils literal">%z</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">%Z</tt> format codes are replaced by empty strings. For an aware object: <dl class="docutils"> <dt><tt class="docutils literal">%z</tt></dt> <dd><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt> is transformed into a 5-character string of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where HH is a 2-digit string giving the number of UTC offset hours, and MM is a 2-digit string giving the number of UTC offset minutes. For example, if <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt> returns <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(hours=-3, minutes=-30)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">%z</tt> is replaced with the string <tt class="docutils literal">'-0330'</tt>.</dd> <dt><tt class="docutils literal">%Z</tt></dt> <dd>If <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">tzname()</tt> returns <tt class="docutils literal">None</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">%Z</tt> is replaced by an empty string. Otherwise <tt class="docutils literal">%Z</tt> is replaced by the returned value, which must be a string.</dd> </dl> The full set of format codes supported varies across platforms, because Python calls the platform C library’s <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">strftime()</tt> function, and platform variations are common. The following is a list of all the format codes that the C standard (1989 version) requires, and these work on all platforms with a standard C implementation. Note that the 1999 version of the C standard added additional format codes. The exact range of years for which <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">strftime()</tt> works also varies across platforms. Regardless of platform, years before 1900 cannot be used. <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="22%" /> <col width="64%" /> <col width="14%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Directive</th> <th class="head">Meaning</th> <th class="head">Notes</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%a</tt></td> <td>Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%A</tt></td> <td>Locale’s full weekday name.</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%b</tt></td> <td>Locale’s abbreviated month name.</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%B</tt></td> <td>Locale’s full month name.</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%c</tt></td> <td>Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%d</tt></td> <td>Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%f</tt></td> <td>Microsecond as a decimal number [0,999999], zero-padded on the left</td> <td>(1)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%H</tt></td> <td>Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%I</tt></td> <td>Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%j</tt></td> <td>Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%m</tt></td> <td>Month as a decimal number [01,12].</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%M</tt></td> <td>Minute as a decimal number [00,59].</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%p</tt></td> <td>Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.</td> <td>(2)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%S</tt></td> <td>Second as a decimal number [00,61].</td> <td>(3)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%U</tt></td> <td>Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.</td> <td>(4)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%w</tt></td> <td>Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%W</tt></td> <td>Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.</td> <td>(4)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%x</tt></td> <td>Locale’s appropriate date representation.</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%X</tt></td> <td>Locale’s appropriate time representation.</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%y</tt></td> <td>Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%Y</tt></td> <td>Year with century as a decimal number.</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%z</tt></td> <td>UTC offset in the form +HHMM or -HHMM (empty string if the the object is naive).</td> <td>(5)</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%Z</tt></td> <td>Time zone name (empty string if the object is naive).</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="docutils literal">%%</tt></td> <td>A literal <tt class="docutils literal">'%'</tt> character.</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Notes: <ol class="arabic simple"> <li>When used with the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">strptime()</tt> method, the <tt class="docutils literal">%f</tt> directive accepts from one to six digits and zero pads on the right. <tt class="docutils literal">%f</tt> is an extension to the set of format characters in the C standard (but implemented separately in datetime objects, and therefore always available).</li> <li>When used with the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">strptime()</tt> method, the <tt class="docutils literal">%p</tt> directive only affects the output hour field if the <tt class="docutils literal">%I</tt> directive is used to parse the hour.</li> <li>The range really is <tt class="docutils literal">0</tt> to <tt class="docutils literal">61</tt>; according to the Posix standard this accounts for leap seconds and the (very rare) double leap seconds. The <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#module-time" title="time: Time access and conversions."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">time</tt></a> module may produce and does accept leap seconds since it is based on the Posix standard, but the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-datetime" title="datetime: Basic date and time types."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal">datetime</tt></a> module does not accept leap seconds in <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">strptime()</tt> input nor will it produce them in <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal">strftime()</tt> output.</li> <li>When used with the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">strptime()</tt> method, <tt class="docutils literal">%U</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">%W</tt> are only used in calculations when the day of the week and the year are specified.</li> <li>For example, if <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal">utcoffset()</tt> returns <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta(hours=-3, minutes=-30)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">%z</tt> is replaced with the string <tt class="docutils literal">'-0330'</tt>.</li> </ol> Footnotes <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id2" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td>If, that is, we ignore the effects of Relativity</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">8.1. <tt class="docutils literal">datetime</tt> — Basic date and time types</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-types">8.1.1. Available Types</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#timedelta-objects">8.1.2. <tt class="docutils literal">timedelta</tt> Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#date-objects">8.1.3. <tt class="docutils literal">date</tt> Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#datetime-objects">8.1.4. <tt class="docutils literal">datetime</tt> Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#time-objects">8.1.5. <tt class="docutils literal">time</tt> Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#tzinfo-objects">8.1.6. <tt class="docutils literal">tzinfo</tt> Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#strftime-and-strptime-behavior">8.1.7. <tt class="docutils literal">strftime()</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">strptime()</tt> Behavior</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <a href="datatypes.html" title="previous chapter">8. Data Types</a> <h4>Next topic</h4> <a href="calendar.html" title="next chapter">8.2. <tt class="docutils literal">calendar</tt> — General calendar-related functions</a> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/datetime.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="calendar.html" title="8.2. calendar — General calendar-related functions" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="datatypes.html" title="8. 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audioop.html	31.356 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
autogil.html	8.186 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
base64.html	19.669 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
basehttpserver.html	34.039 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bastion.html	11.04 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bdb.html	36.682 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
binascii.html	20.665 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
binhex.html	10.577 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bisect.html	23.236 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bsddb.html	26.433 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
bz2.html	26.082 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
calendar.html	37.788 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
carbon.html	48.944 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:51	root / root	0644
cd.html	27.96 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cgi.html	49.924 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cgihttpserver.html	13.099 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cgitb.html	11.411 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
chunk.html	14.664 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cmath.html	25.632 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
cmd.html	26.095 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
code.html	24.577 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
codecs.html	100.638 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
codeop.html	14.841 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:52	root / root	0644
collections.html	133.964 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
colorpicker.html	7.523 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
colorsys.html	11.037 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
commands.html	14.361 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
compileall.html	16.827 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
compiler.html	67.75 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
configparser.html	62.131 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
constants.html	12.834 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
contextlib.html	19.388 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
cookie.html	39.068 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
cookielib.html	83.822 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
copy.html	12.189 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
copy_reg.html	13.765 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
crypt.html	10.041 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
crypto.html	7.591 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:53	root / root	0644
csv.html	67.371 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:54	root / root	0644
ctypes.html	238.781 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:54	root / root	0644
curses.ascii.html	22.288 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
curses.html	146.633 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
curses.panel.html	14.388 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
custominterp.html	7.624 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
datatypes.html	16.845 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
datetime.html	226.595 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
dbhash.html	15.482 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
dbm.html	12.068 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
debug.html	10.151 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:55	root / root	0644
decimal.html	194.439 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
development.html	14.168 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
difflib.html	84.829 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
dircache.html	11.407 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
dis.html	69.951 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
distutils.html	8.055 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
dl.html	16.327 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:56	root / root	0644
doctest.html	165.542 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
docxmlrpcserver.html	16.432 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
dumbdbm.html	14.021 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
dummy_thread.html	9.432 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
dummy_threading.html	8.368 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
easydialogs.html	30.546 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email-examples.html	45.654 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.charset.html	26.804 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.encoders.html	11.856 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.errors.html	15.767 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.generator.html	20.771 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.header.html	26.922 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.html	44.235 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.iterators.html	11.521 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.message.html	63.156 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.mime.html	27.928 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:57	root / root	0644
email.parser.html	30.452 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
email.util.html	24.461 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
errno.html	37.994 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
exceptions.html	56.126 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fcntl.html	22.673 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
filecmp.html	22.299 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fileformats.html	9.136 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fileinput.html	24.278 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
filesys.html	10.203 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
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fnmatch.html	14.577 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
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fpectl.html	16.008 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
fpformat.html	10.587 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:58	root / root	0644
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frameworks.html	7.143 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
ftplib.html	43.989 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
functions.html	183.145 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
functools.html	27.169 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
future_builtins.html	13.04 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
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gensuitemodule.html	11.513 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
getopt.html	23.662 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
getpass.html	10.652 KB	July 03 2019 16:47:59	root / root	0644
gettext.html	78.757 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
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hmac.html	10.464 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
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htmllib.html	25.315 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
htmlparser.html	39.114 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
httplib.html	62.95 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
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idle.html	20.896 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
imageop.html	14.765 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:00	root / root	0644
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imputil.html	31.808 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
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internet.html	24.872 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
intro.html	8.935 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:01	root / root	0644
io.html	98.13 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
ipc.html	13.405 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
itertools.html	115.905 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
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language.html	11.027 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
linecache.html	10.591 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
locale.html	55.137 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:02	root / root	0644
logging.config.html	63.355 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
logging.handlers.html	69.645 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
logging.html	95.645 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
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macos.html	14.758 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
macosa.html	12.959 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
macostools.html	15.516 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
macpath.html	7.764 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
mailbox.html	156.753 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
mailcap.html	13.215 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:03	root / root	0644
markup.html	18.772 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
marshal.html	17.977 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
math.html	39.242 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
md5.html	13.968 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mhlib.html	21.537 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mimetools.html	19.251 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mimetypes.html	28.39 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mimewriter.html	15.016 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
mimify.html	13.361 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
miniaeframe.html	12.199 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
misc.html	6.868 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
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mmap.html	28.364 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
modulefinder.html	15.313 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
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msilib.html	52.431 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
msvcrt.html	19.372 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
multifile.html	24.297 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:04	root / root	0644
multiprocessing.html	365.706 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
mutex.html	11.231 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
netdata.html	16.983 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
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new.html	12.122 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
nis.html	10.636 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
nntplib.html	41.919 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
numbers.html	37.748 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
numeric.html	13.553 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:05	root / root	0644
operator.html	82 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:06	root / root	0644
optparse.html	222.556 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:06	root / root	0644
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os.path.html	38.341 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
ossaudiodev.html	41.503 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
othergui.html	9.084 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
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pdb.html	33.961 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
persistence.html	14.865 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
pickle.html	102.271 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
pickletools.html	10.631 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:07	root / root	0644
pipes.html	18.01 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pkgutil.html	25.107 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
platform.html	28.367 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
plistlib.html	17.028 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
popen2.html	25.431 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
poplib.html	22.321 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
posix.html	14.413 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
posixfile.html	19.763 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pprint.html	29.922 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
profile.html	63.556 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pty.html	9.478 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pwd.html	11.428 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
py_compile.html	11.116 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pyclbr.html	14.707 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pydoc.html	11.484 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
pyexpat.html	71.528 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:08	root / root	0644
python.html	12.274 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
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quopri.html	11.896 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
random.html	37.835 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
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readline.html	28.24 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
repr.html	20.427 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
resource.html	26.483 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
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rexec.html	37.41 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
rfc822.html	42.22 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
rlcompleter.html	13.506 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:09	root / root	0644
robotparser.html	12.268 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
runpy.html	19.339 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sched.html	18.543 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
scrolledtext.html	9.315 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
select.html	39.672 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sets.html	36.918 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sgi.html	9.712 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sgmllib.html	30.771 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
sha.html	12.088 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
shelve.html	27.021 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
shlex.html	32.102 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
shutil.html	40.218 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
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simplehttpserver.html	18.41 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
simplexmlrpcserver.html	31.388 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
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smtpd.html	12.465 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:10	root / root	0644
smtplib.html	42.127 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
sndhdr.html	10.018 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
socket.html	106.338 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
socketserver.html	59.829 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
someos.html	15.106 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
spwd.html	10.328 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
sqlite3.html	139.502 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:11	root / root	0644
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stat.html	32.31 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:12	root / root	0644
statvfs.html	10.604 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:12	root / root	0644
stdtypes.html	260.401 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:12	root / root	0644
string.html	106.649 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
stringio.html	18.813 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
stringprep.html	16.13 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
strings.html	14.927 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
struct.html	40.878 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
subprocess.html	84.912 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sun.html	6.843 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sunau.html	27.104 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sunaudio.html	17.795 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
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symtable.html	22.937 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sys.html	98.698 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:13	root / root	0644
sysconfig.html	23.844 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
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tabnanny.html	10.631 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
tarfile.html	78.683 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
telnetlib.html	25.479 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
tempfile.html	29.416 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
termios.html	16.011 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
test.html	52.621 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
textwrap.html	27.253 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
thread.html	20.468 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
threading.html	76.69 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:14	root / root	0644
time.html	56.927 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
timeit.html	36.267 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
tix.html	46.959 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
tk.html	23.644 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
tkinter.html	67.666 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
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tokenize.html	18.445 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
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traceback.html	33.438 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:15	root / root	0644
ttk.html	101.749 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
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turtle.html	211.742 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
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undoc.html	23.156 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:16	root / root	0644
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unittest.html	202.848 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
unix.html	10.551 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
urllib.html	58.682 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
urllib2.html	100.578 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
urlparse.html	40.414 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
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userdict.html	29.729 KB	July 03 2019 16:48:17	root / root	0644
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